On the dynamics and integrability of the Ziegler pendulum

We prove that the Ziegler pendulum—a double pendulum with a follower force—can be integrable, provided that the stiffness of the elastic spring located at the pivot point of the pendulum is zero and there is no friction in the system. We show that the integrability of the system follows from the existence of two-parameter families of periodic solutions. We explain a mechanism for the transition from integrable dynamics, for which there exist two first integrals and solutions belong to two-dimensional tori in a four-dimensional phase space, to more complicated dynamics. The case in which the stiffnesses of both springs are non-zero is briefly studied numerically. We show that regular dynamics coexists with chaotic dynamics.