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<p>In the present climate, where sea levels are rising, investigating high-frequency sea level extremes is of great importance due to the necessity of timely protection of coastal communities and their infrastructure. In this study, high-frequency filtered (HF, T &lt; 2&#xa0;h) sea level records from 224 stations and space-based measurements (Spinning Enhanced Visible Infra-Red Imager (SEVIRI) flown on Meteosat-9, -10), together with the regional climate model version 4.6 (RegCM 4.6), are used to assess the atmospheric state during HF sea level extremes recorded over climatologically different parts of Europe. The results show that during winter and summer months, variables such as sea level pressure, surface wind speed and geopotential height act in the opposite direction at most stations, indicating a substantial difference in atmospheric state between winter and summer extremes. This finding points to different mechanisms driving HF extremes formation in different seasons. A contrast in atmospheric state is also observed between northern and southern regions. Analysis of storm activity during HF extremes using SEVIRI revealed a presence of convective storm activity, an area where brightness temperature (T<sub>b</sub>) is below 255&#xa0;K and presence of a very deep convective storms (T<sub>b</sub> &lt; 235&#xa0;K) for the majority of regions during HF extreme events.</p>

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Atmospheric state along the European coasts during high frequency (T < 2 h) sea level extremes: a view from above

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年7月20日

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  • Ana Radovan,
  • Marijana Balić,
  • Jadranka Šepić

摘要

In the present climate, where sea levels are rising, investigating high-frequency sea level extremes is of great importance due to the necessity of timely protection of coastal communities and their infrastructure. In this study, high-frequency filtered (HF, T < 2 h) sea level records from 224 stations and space-based measurements (Spinning Enhanced Visible Infra-Red Imager (SEVIRI) flown on Meteosat-9, -10), together with the regional climate model version 4.6 (RegCM 4.6), are used to assess the atmospheric state during HF sea level extremes recorded over climatologically different parts of Europe. The results show that during winter and summer months, variables such as sea level pressure, surface wind speed and geopotential height act in the opposite direction at most stations, indicating a substantial difference in atmospheric state between winter and summer extremes. This finding points to different mechanisms driving HF extremes formation in different seasons. A contrast in atmospheric state is also observed between northern and southern regions. Analysis of storm activity during HF extremes using SEVIRI revealed a presence of convective storm activity, an area where brightness temperature (Tb) is below 255 K and presence of a very deep convective storms (Tb < 235 K) for the majority of regions during HF extreme events.