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<p>Snow drift disasters pose a serious threat to the safe operation of railway engineering in China. Existing studies mainly rely on indoor wind tunnel experiments, which are limited in replicating real temperature, humidity, and natural snow particle conditions. To address this gap, this study introduces a mobile outdoor wind tunnel system that can be deployed directly along the railway line to achieve more realistic in-situ testing. Based on field monitoring results, outdoor scaled experiments were conducted to examine how the distance between snow fences and the railway subgrade influences snow-accumulation patterns, wind fields, and surface shear velocity (wind-induced surface stress). Numerical simulations were further performed to evaluate the effects of fence porosity, fence–slope distance, and fence height on wind and snow distributions. The results show that the mobile outdoor wind tunnel effectively reproduces field environments and captures snow particle transport and deposition more accurately than traditional indoor setups. For railway sections prone to snow drifting, a snow fence with 50% porosity, a height of 3&#xa0;m, and placement 50&#xa0;m from the cutting slope provides optimal protection. These findings offer theoretical support for snow-drift mitigation and for safety-oriented design of railway subgrade engineering in high-risk areas.</p>

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The characteristics of wind-blown snow hazards and an in-situ wind tunnel experiment study on snow disaster prevention along railway

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年6月23日

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  • Shumao Qiu,
  • Guoce Liu,
  • Hai Shi,
  • Daming Lin,
  • Mingzhou Bai,
  • Jun Hou

摘要

Snow drift disasters pose a serious threat to the safe operation of railway engineering in China. Existing studies mainly rely on indoor wind tunnel experiments, which are limited in replicating real temperature, humidity, and natural snow particle conditions. To address this gap, this study introduces a mobile outdoor wind tunnel system that can be deployed directly along the railway line to achieve more realistic in-situ testing. Based on field monitoring results, outdoor scaled experiments were conducted to examine how the distance between snow fences and the railway subgrade influences snow-accumulation patterns, wind fields, and surface shear velocity (wind-induced surface stress). Numerical simulations were further performed to evaluate the effects of fence porosity, fence–slope distance, and fence height on wind and snow distributions. The results show that the mobile outdoor wind tunnel effectively reproduces field environments and captures snow particle transport and deposition more accurately than traditional indoor setups. For railway sections prone to snow drifting, a snow fence with 50% porosity, a height of 3 m, and placement 50 m from the cutting slope provides optimal protection. These findings offer theoretical support for snow-drift mitigation and for safety-oriented design of railway subgrade engineering in high-risk areas.