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<p>Near-field tsunami evacuation planning depends on urban mobility, which can be severely impacted by earthquake-induced debris obstructing evacuation routes. However, most models overlook this factor, underestimating evacuation times. This study presents a comprehensive GIS-based methodology that integrates seismic damage and debris accumulation into pedestrian evacuation modelling. The methodology proposed was applied to Tumaco on the Southern Pacific coast of Colombia, a highly vulnerable city prone to earthquakes and tsunamis. The model incorporates strong motion simulation, local soil response, seismic vulnerability assessment, and tsunami inundation modelling to quantify the impact of debris on pedestrian evacuation. Results show that earthquake-generated debris increases evacuation times, particularly in the first 30&#xa0;min. By the estimated tsunami arrival (22&#xa0;min post-earthquake), the number of evacuees reaching safe zones is reduced by 2.6%, representing 766 individuals at risk. The most affected areas are those with narrow streets and high concentrations of vulnerable structures. This study highlights the need to integrate seismic damage into tsunami evacuation planning to enhance disaster preparedness. The proposed methodology provides a more realistic approach to evacuation modeling, offering valuable insights for urban planning and risk mitigation in tsunami-prone regions.</p>

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The impact of earthquake-induced debris on the near-field tsunami pedestrian mobility and safety: Tumaco Island case of study

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

    开放获取

  • 发表日期：

    2026年4月27日

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  • Maria Paula Ávila-Guzmán,
  • Sergio Herrera,
  • Juan Lizarazo-Marriaga,
  • Miguel Rivas,
  • Jorge Sierra,
  • Cristian Arias,
  • Guillermo Ávila,
  • Gabriel Bernal,
  • Juan Sebastián Paéz,
  • Juan Sebastián Florez,
  • Milton Puentes,
  • Ronald Sanchez,
  • Paola Quintero,
  • Daniel Ruiz

摘要

Near-field tsunami evacuation planning depends on urban mobility, which can be severely impacted by earthquake-induced debris obstructing evacuation routes. However, most models overlook this factor, underestimating evacuation times. This study presents a comprehensive GIS-based methodology that integrates seismic damage and debris accumulation into pedestrian evacuation modelling. The methodology proposed was applied to Tumaco on the Southern Pacific coast of Colombia, a highly vulnerable city prone to earthquakes and tsunamis. The model incorporates strong motion simulation, local soil response, seismic vulnerability assessment, and tsunami inundation modelling to quantify the impact of debris on pedestrian evacuation. Results show that earthquake-generated debris increases evacuation times, particularly in the first 30 min. By the estimated tsunami arrival (22 min post-earthquake), the number of evacuees reaching safe zones is reduced by 2.6%, representing 766 individuals at risk. The most affected areas are those with narrow streets and high concentrations of vulnerable structures. This study highlights the need to integrate seismic damage into tsunami evacuation planning to enhance disaster preparedness. The proposed methodology provides a more realistic approach to evacuation modeling, offering valuable insights for urban planning and risk mitigation in tsunami-prone regions.