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<p>The debris flow resulting from the collapse of the tailings dam is characterized by its high speed and strong impact, posing a severe threat to the lives and property of downstream residents as well as the ecological environment. A multistage check dam is designed based on the foundation of an arch dam to mitigate the downstream impacts of dam-break debris flows. Unmanned aerial vehicle oblique photogrammetry technology is used to acquire aerial images of the tailings storage area and downstream regions, thereby generating a high-precision three-dimensional terrain model. The evolution process of the tailings debris flow is simulated. This study investigates the retention and blocking effects of the multistage check dam on tailings debris flow, as well as its protective role for downstream infrastructure. The results indicate significant reductions in the maximum flow velocity, maximum submergence depth, average sedimentation depth, and maximum impact force on downstream buildings, by approximately 45% (to 8.86&#xa0;m/s), 43% (to 3.47&#xa0;m), 89% (to 3.56&#xa0;m), and 70% (to 64.1&#xa0;kPa), respectively. The maximum kinetic energy is reduced by a factor of 2.4, and the time for the sand flow peak to reach downstream villages is delayed by about 210&#xa0;s. The detention process of tailings flow at the interception dam is divided into three stages: climbing, siltation, and crossing. The multistage check dam demonstrates significant retention and protection effects by retaining most of the tailings and dissipating substantial kinetic energy, thereby reducing the flow velocity, submergence depth, sediment accumulation depth, and impact force of the tailings debris flow.</p>

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Design and effectiveness evaluation of multistage check dams for debris flow of tailings dam failure

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年3月10日

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  • Meixian Qu,
  • Zhan Yan,
  • Hao Wu,
  • Zhenkai Pan,
  • Shaohua Hu

摘要

The debris flow resulting from the collapse of the tailings dam is characterized by its high speed and strong impact, posing a severe threat to the lives and property of downstream residents as well as the ecological environment. A multistage check dam is designed based on the foundation of an arch dam to mitigate the downstream impacts of dam-break debris flows. Unmanned aerial vehicle oblique photogrammetry technology is used to acquire aerial images of the tailings storage area and downstream regions, thereby generating a high-precision three-dimensional terrain model. The evolution process of the tailings debris flow is simulated. This study investigates the retention and blocking effects of the multistage check dam on tailings debris flow, as well as its protective role for downstream infrastructure. The results indicate significant reductions in the maximum flow velocity, maximum submergence depth, average sedimentation depth, and maximum impact force on downstream buildings, by approximately 45% (to 8.86 m/s), 43% (to 3.47 m), 89% (to 3.56 m), and 70% (to 64.1 kPa), respectively. The maximum kinetic energy is reduced by a factor of 2.4, and the time for the sand flow peak to reach downstream villages is delayed by about 210 s. The detention process of tailings flow at the interception dam is divided into three stages: climbing, siltation, and crossing. The multistage check dam demonstrates significant retention and protection effects by retaining most of the tailings and dissipating substantial kinetic energy, thereby reducing the flow velocity, submergence depth, sediment accumulation depth, and impact force of the tailings debris flow.