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<p>The functionality of road networks after hazardous events is closely tied to the performance of highway bridges, making the fragility assessment of bridge infrastructure a critical area of research. While existing methodologies focus on single or sequential hazards without considering cumulative damage, this study introduces a novel framework for Damage State-Dependent Multiple-Hazard Fragility (DSMF) curves. The framework assesses bridge fragility under uncorrelated hazard sequences, including earthquake-earthquake, earthquake-flood, flood-earthquake, and flood-flood combinations. A key innovation is incorporating the bridge damage state after the first event into the fragility analysis for subsequent hazards, offering a more realistic representation of cumulative vulnerability. Applying the framework to a case study bridge reveals significant differences between single-hazard and multiple-hazard scenarios. For example, collapse fragility of the bridge is increased by 35% in earthquake-earthquake sequences compared to the single-event scenario. In contrast, flood-earthquake sequences result in a more minor increase in the collapse fragility, underscoring the differing impacts of floods and earthquakes on critical components like piers and foundations. The results demonstrate that the sequence and type of hazards critically influence bridge vulnerability, particularly for scenarios involving significant scour or seismic damage. This framework provides critical insights into bridge performance, enabling better-informed decisions for retrofitting, design improvements, and risk management in multiple-hazard environments. The methodology is versatile and adaptable, paving the way for broader applications to other bridge typologies and hazard combinations.</p>

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Multiple-hazard fragility assessment of bridges subjected to successive earthquake and flood events

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年2月2日

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  • Sotiria Stefanidou,
  • Olga Markogiannaki,
  • Ioannis Mikes,
  • Michalis Fragiadakis

摘要

The functionality of road networks after hazardous events is closely tied to the performance of highway bridges, making the fragility assessment of bridge infrastructure a critical area of research. While existing methodologies focus on single or sequential hazards without considering cumulative damage, this study introduces a novel framework for Damage State-Dependent Multiple-Hazard Fragility (DSMF) curves. The framework assesses bridge fragility under uncorrelated hazard sequences, including earthquake-earthquake, earthquake-flood, flood-earthquake, and flood-flood combinations. A key innovation is incorporating the bridge damage state after the first event into the fragility analysis for subsequent hazards, offering a more realistic representation of cumulative vulnerability. Applying the framework to a case study bridge reveals significant differences between single-hazard and multiple-hazard scenarios. For example, collapse fragility of the bridge is increased by 35% in earthquake-earthquake sequences compared to the single-event scenario. In contrast, flood-earthquake sequences result in a more minor increase in the collapse fragility, underscoring the differing impacts of floods and earthquakes on critical components like piers and foundations. The results demonstrate that the sequence and type of hazards critically influence bridge vulnerability, particularly for scenarios involving significant scour or seismic damage. This framework provides critical insights into bridge performance, enabling better-informed decisions for retrofitting, design improvements, and risk management in multiple-hazard environments. The methodology is versatile and adaptable, paving the way for broader applications to other bridge typologies and hazard combinations.