Exogenous risk preference and factors determining portfolio of flood aversion strategies in agriculture: farm level evidences from Assam, India
摘要
Present study aims at identifying the portfolio of flood tolerating risk averse strategies adopted by the farm households and its determinants in agriculture using primary data collected from all agro-climatic regions in Assam. The need-based modification of crop calendar, mixed cropping and application of flood-tolerant crop varieties were found to be the popular strategies in minimizing flood induced crop loss in the study area. The flood hazard exposure, farm characteristics, socio-demographic factors, access to institutional support and physical infrastructure considerably influenced farmers' choice of a particular strategy at the farm level. Notably, farmers in highly flood-prone areas were more inclined towards strategies like flood-tolerant crop varieties, adjustment of crop timing and mixed cropping for mitigating flood-induced production risks. Though proximity to farm infrastructure and markets seems to be important, but accessibility constraints limit the adoption of a strategy. Steps towards improved road infrastructure and decentralised market hubs can address logistical barriers in market access. Bridging gender divide through dedicated policies can empower female-headed households, while subsidies towards flood-tolerant crop varieties and technological advancement can boost the farm households in the study area. Targeted intervention is necessary in minimizing geographical divide in irrigation access especially in low-lying areas of Assam across the crop calendar.