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<p>Sea levels are projected to rise by several centimeters by the end of the century due to predicted climate change, which could lead to exacerbated SWI. Research on aquifer intrusion due to SLR commonly uses vertical boundary, highlighting the research gap for experimental models that accurately represent real-world situations. This research article applies different values of SLR and presents an experimental investigation of SWI due to SLR with an inclined ocean-aquifer boundary in a highly heterogeneous layered aquifer. A glass box physical model with an inclined boundary and layered with different permeability materials were used to simulate the aquifer. A SLR of 2&#xa0;cm and 4&#xa0;cm was adopted to simulate the rise in sea levels. Toe length, intrusion area, toe length-to-height ratio, and intrusion rates were documented layer-wise. Experimental sensitivity analysis with different openings and SLR were tested. Analysis of the intrusion area shows an increasing trend, ranging from 7.3% to 172.5% across different scenarios. Layer-wise variable values of toe length-to-height ratio (0.42–4.7), intrusion rates (0.012–0.914&#xa0;cm/s), and toe length (4.2–72&#xa0;cm) were recorded. SLR induced intrusion mainly affects the uppermost layer, while deeper layers are influenced indirectly by surface-induced intrusion and interactions between boundary encroachments. The uppermost layer exhibits a convex intrusion profile due to rapid saltwater movement, whereas deeper layers follow a parabolic trend. The findings show that the intrusion rate increases as the sea level rises, which underlines how coastal aquifers will be more susceptible to SWI in the near future due to climate change.</p>

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Experimental evaluation of sea level rise impact on layered heterogeneous coastal aquifer with inclined seaside boundary

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年10月9日

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  • Vikas Sharma,
  • Sumedha Chakma

摘要

Sea levels are projected to rise by several centimeters by the end of the century due to predicted climate change, which could lead to exacerbated SWI. Research on aquifer intrusion due to SLR commonly uses vertical boundary, highlighting the research gap for experimental models that accurately represent real-world situations. This research article applies different values of SLR and presents an experimental investigation of SWI due to SLR with an inclined ocean-aquifer boundary in a highly heterogeneous layered aquifer. A glass box physical model with an inclined boundary and layered with different permeability materials were used to simulate the aquifer. A SLR of 2 cm and 4 cm was adopted to simulate the rise in sea levels. Toe length, intrusion area, toe length-to-height ratio, and intrusion rates were documented layer-wise. Experimental sensitivity analysis with different openings and SLR were tested. Analysis of the intrusion area shows an increasing trend, ranging from 7.3% to 172.5% across different scenarios. Layer-wise variable values of toe length-to-height ratio (0.42–4.7), intrusion rates (0.012–0.914 cm/s), and toe length (4.2–72 cm) were recorded. SLR induced intrusion mainly affects the uppermost layer, while deeper layers are influenced indirectly by surface-induced intrusion and interactions between boundary encroachments. The uppermost layer exhibits a convex intrusion profile due to rapid saltwater movement, whereas deeper layers follow a parabolic trend. The findings show that the intrusion rate increases as the sea level rises, which underlines how coastal aquifers will be more susceptible to SWI in the near future due to climate change.