<p>Earthquakes can cause extensive damage to water supply systems, posing serious risks to public health and safety. To facilitate the rapid recovery of water supply systems following an earthquake, it is essential to identify the most vulnerable components of the network. This study assesses the seismic vulnerability of a rural town's water supply system in a high-intensity earthquake zone. It uses peak ground velocity to calculate pipeline failure probabilities and analyzes the overall vulnerability of different pipe network configurations. Post-earthquake water supply restoration is quantified via hydraulic simulation. A case study validates the methodology, modeling post-earthquake dynamics with EPANET software and using probabilistic techniques to assess damage likelihood. Results indicate that higher peak ground velocities increase the probability of seismic damage to nodes, pipelines, and the system. Pipe damage is random, and system functionality depends on damage location. The system's seismic resilience is linked to pipe diameter, length, and damage location. This research is vital for measuring rural urban lifeline infrastructure's seismic resilience and provides a basis for rapid post-disaster water supply network rehabilitation.</p>