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<p>Similar to other urban centers globally, Zagreb is increasingly facing destructive urban flash floods. This study aims to characterize these events better to support the implementation of more effective flood protection measures. To this end, a detailed analysis was conducted of two major flash floods: July 3–4, 1989, and July 24–25, 2020. Flash flood formation in Zagreb is unique, partly driven by torrential floods from mountain streams originating in Medvednica and flowing into the urban area. To mitigate this risk, 19 hillside retention basins have been constructed along these streams. The analysis revealed that the retention basin on the Črnomerec stream effectively reduced downstream flooding. Furthermore, findings indicate that most flash floods in Zagreb occur during the warm season (June–August) and predominantly at night (9:00 PM–1:00 AM). The key role in determining the location of urban flash floods within the city of Zagreb is shaped by the position of the convective cell’s center and the direction of storm movement.</p>

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Understanding flash floods in a changing urban landscape: the Zagreb 1989 and 2020 events

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年10月6日

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  • Ognjen Bonacci,
  • Ana Žaknić-Ćatović,
  • Tanja Roje-Bonacci,
  • Tatjana Vujnović

摘要

Similar to other urban centers globally, Zagreb is increasingly facing destructive urban flash floods. This study aims to characterize these events better to support the implementation of more effective flood protection measures. To this end, a detailed analysis was conducted of two major flash floods: July 3–4, 1989, and July 24–25, 2020. Flash flood formation in Zagreb is unique, partly driven by torrential floods from mountain streams originating in Medvednica and flowing into the urban area. To mitigate this risk, 19 hillside retention basins have been constructed along these streams. The analysis revealed that the retention basin on the Črnomerec stream effectively reduced downstream flooding. Furthermore, findings indicate that most flash floods in Zagreb occur during the warm season (June–August) and predominantly at night (9:00 PM–1:00 AM). The key role in determining the location of urban flash floods within the city of Zagreb is shaped by the position of the convective cell’s center and the direction of storm movement.