Analysis of river dynamics and neotectonics of the Jamuna River using satellite and seismic data in Madarganj Upazila of Jamalpur District, Bangladesh

The Jamuna River, a vital tributary of the Brahmaputra River, significantly influences Bangladesh’s hydrology and geomorphology. This dynamic river causes extensive erosion, accretion, and riverbank migration, displacing thousands of people annually. Despite its impact, previous research has not combined satellite and seismic data to examine the neotectonic activities driving these changes. This study aims to address this gap by analyzing Landsat satellite imagery from 1987 to 2021, digital elevation models, and 2D seismic data to assess the impact of neotectonics on riverbank dynamics. Findings reveal that from 1987 to 2021, the Jamuna River shifted 8.4 km westward, particularly affecting the Sariakandi and Madarganj areas. Additionally, the western part of Madarganj Upazila was found to be tilted compared to its eastern side due to lineament orientation. Subsurface seismic images indicate that the central region of the study area, including Sariakandi and Madarganj, is uplifted and deformed by six NE-SW trending faults bounded by anticlinal folds. These tectonic activities have contributed to the westward shift of the Jamuna River. Policymakers must consider these neotectonic factors to develop effective management strategies for riverine environments, optimize water resource management, mitigate natural hazards, and plan land use in affected areas.