Behavioral mechanism on flood risk response: a case study in Accra, Ghana

Flooding has been of utmost importance due to its potential to cause significant harm to society and put human lives at risk. With climate change exacerbating the issue, the topic is becoming more pertinent. This study aims to contribute to evaluating the role human factors play in responding to flood risk phenomena. By using a sociopsychological climate change risk perception and protection action decision model, the study effectively integrates cognitive, experiential, and adaptive factors. Flood risk management practices in Accra appear to be largely reactive in nature, suggesting a need for further exploration of the sociopsychological aspects of risk perception and cognitive factors. Despite the significance of these factors in shaping individuals' responses to risks, limited research has been conducted in this area. By using a survey, the study examined flood risk responses in a sample (N = 500). Findings from the analysis showed that the proposed model accounts for about 50.4% of the variations in household flood risk preparedness in Accra. Knowledge efficacy and personal experience, were significant predictors of risk perception, whereas risk perception had no statistically significant impact on household flood preparedness. Results showed that, although flood risk may enhance concern for society, it does not always equate to an individualized sense of risk. Thus, risk perception and preparedness behavior factors can cause significant discrepancies between personal and societal risk perceptions regarding determinants. Developing a collaborative flood risk management framework and a shared understanding of adaptation approaches may be a better alternative.