Local perspectives on gully erosion: a comparative study of farmers and non-farmers in the Chotanagpur plateau fringe, West Bengal

Soil erosion especially gully erosion is a significant global agricultural challenge, including in India. In West Bengal, about 30.10% of land faces degradation, particularly along the eastern fringes of the Chotanagpur Plateau. While much research has focused on gully morphology, geometry, and susceptibility mapping, there is a notable gap in studies addressing local perceptions of gully erosion, both globally and in India. This research addresses that gap by examining the perceptions of farmers and non-farmers regarding gully erosion, its causes, impacts, and potential mitigation strategies. Data was collected through surveys, interviews, and focus group discussions involving 367 households from 40 villages. The findings reveal that 91% of farmers recognize the severity of gully erosion, compared to just 73% of non-farmers. Based on principal component analysis, farmers primarily attribute the problem to surface runoff (11.6%), while non-farmers cite road construction (10.8%). Farmers perceive soil loss (11.7%) as the major impact, whereas non-farmers focus on declining property values (11%). Regarding solutions, 11.6% of farmers consider cover crops highly effective, compared to 9.9% of non-farmers who prefer crop rotation. Farmers favor native species like Sal, Petsa, Dhau, and Mahua over Eucalyptus and Acacia, with Evolvulus nummularia identified as particularly effective. Multi-correlation analysis reveals that gully erosion involves multiple interrelated factors, with no single cause or solution. Farmers, due to their practical experience and scientific knowledge, have a better understanding of gully erosion than non-farmers. Incorporating farmers’ insights can enhance erosion control strategies and inform policymakers for more effective decision-making.