Vulnerability assessment of tropical cyclones and deep depressions: an index-based spatio-temporal assessment along the coastal zones of Bangladesh

Over the last three decades, Bangladesh has been repeatedly subjected to devastating impacts of many tropical cyclones, resulting in significant human casualties and substantial economic damages. The present study aimed to analyze the physical parameters associated with these tropical storms and develop a cyclone vulnerability index (CVI) with three intensity classes. Spatial and temporal changes along the coast and throughout the year were also examined that can facilitate localized and timely mitigation approaches. The eastern coastal zone was observed to experience the highest number of extremely severe cyclones, followed by the western and central zones, while a bi-modal trend was noted temporally. Given the projected increase in coastal population and heightened exposure to climate change-induced more powerful cyclonic events in the near future, the findings of this study can contribute in developing targeted mitigation strategies and enhancing the resilience of the vulnerable coastal communities of Bangladesh.