<p>This paper incorporates digital inclusive finance, agricultural total factor productivity, and rural education-based human capital simultaneously into the analytical framework of rural residents’ relative poverty. Based on the panel data of 31 provincial regions in China from 2011 to 2023 and digital inclusive finance data, the spatial Durbin model (SDM) is adopted to analyze the spatial spillover effect of the digital economy on rural residents’ relative poverty. Meanwhile, the mediation model and the panel threshold model are utilized to explore the path of digital inclusive finance on rural residents’ relative poverty. The research has found that there is a spatial correlation between digital inclusive finance and rural residents’ relative poverty; digital inclusive finance can significantly alleviate the problem of rural residents’ relative poverty, and has a spatial impact on the relative poverty of rural residents in the local area and surrounding areas; agricultural total factor productivity and rural educational human capital not only can alleviate rural residents’ relative poverty themselves, but also agricultural total factor productivity can play an intermediary role, and rural educational human capital can play a threshold effect. Therefore, attention should be paid to promoting the development of digital inclusive finance and fully exerting its regional radiation effect. While enhancing agricultural total factor productivity, emphasis should also be placed on the cultivation of rural educational human capital.</p>