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<p><i>Serenoa repens</i> (Saw palmetto) contain 85–90% fatty acids and other constituents include sterols rich in components as carotenoids, lipases, tannin and sugars. The purpose of this study is to investigate the therapeutic potential of Saw palmetto fruit extract against Alzheimer’s disease in a mice model. Phytochemical analysis was performed by HPLC analysis after preparation of plant extract by microwave assisted extraction technique.AD induced in mice by <span>d</span>-galactose and aluminum chloride 100&#xa0;mg/kg of each (orally), and treated with saw palmetto fruit extract 250&#xa0;mg/kg, 500&#xa0;mg/kg, and 800&#xa0;mg/kg were administered orally for 21 days. Neurobehavioral observations were performed to determine the pharmacological manipulation on cognitive and behavioral functions. Mice were sacrificed after behavioral studies to perform biochemical, neurochemical and gene expression analysis. Neuro-active compounds detected in HPLC analysis like chlorogenic acid, <i>p</i>-coumaric acid, gallic acid, HB acid and salicylic acid were screened by the molecular docking and interaction analysis. SP extract treatment showed dose-dependent neuroprotective effects as manifested by neurobehavioral, histopathological analysis which showed that with 250&#xa0;mg/kg moderately enhance the synaptic density and neuronal survival. Notable neurodegenerative effects were observed at 800&#xa0;mg/kg, accompanied by reduced neurodegenerative histopathology at 500&#xa0;mg/kg. Phytochemicals in SP extract showed most stable conformation within the active site of target protein AChE. ADMET results sustained the computational experiments by presenting significant results, further molecular dynamic analysis also confirms the perfect interaction of the target AChE protein with Quercetin, Chlorogenic acid. These five phytochemicals could be recommended for clinical testing for management of Alzheimer’s disease.</p> Graphical Abstract <p></p>

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Investigating the Neuroprotective Effects of Saw Palmetto Fruit Extract Against d-Galactose and Aluminum Chloride Induced Alzheimer’s Disease: In Vivo Study

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年2月17日

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  • Aqsa Nisar,
  • Naheed Akhter,
  • Zunera Chauhdary,
  • Fozia Anjum,
  • Fozia Saleem,
  • Sadia Sana,
  • Iqra Rafiq,
  • Anum Mustafa

摘要

Serenoa repens (Saw palmetto) contain 85–90% fatty acids and other constituents include sterols rich in components as carotenoids, lipases, tannin and sugars. The purpose of this study is to investigate the therapeutic potential of Saw palmetto fruit extract against Alzheimer’s disease in a mice model. Phytochemical analysis was performed by HPLC analysis after preparation of plant extract by microwave assisted extraction technique.AD induced in mice by d-galactose and aluminum chloride 100 mg/kg of each (orally), and treated with saw palmetto fruit extract 250 mg/kg, 500 mg/kg, and 800 mg/kg were administered orally for 21 days. Neurobehavioral observations were performed to determine the pharmacological manipulation on cognitive and behavioral functions. Mice were sacrificed after behavioral studies to perform biochemical, neurochemical and gene expression analysis. Neuro-active compounds detected in HPLC analysis like chlorogenic acid, p-coumaric acid, gallic acid, HB acid and salicylic acid were screened by the molecular docking and interaction analysis. SP extract treatment showed dose-dependent neuroprotective effects as manifested by neurobehavioral, histopathological analysis which showed that with 250 mg/kg moderately enhance the synaptic density and neuronal survival. Notable neurodegenerative effects were observed at 800 mg/kg, accompanied by reduced neurodegenerative histopathology at 500 mg/kg. Phytochemicals in SP extract showed most stable conformation within the active site of target protein AChE. ADMET results sustained the computational experiments by presenting significant results, further molecular dynamic analysis also confirms the perfect interaction of the target AChE protein with Quercetin, Chlorogenic acid. These five phytochemicals could be recommended for clinical testing for management of Alzheimer’s disease.

Graphical Abstract