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<p>Epilepsy, a&#xa0;chronic neurological disorder characterized by recurrent seizures, affects approximately 1% of the global population and imposes significant morbidity and socioeconomic burden. Beyond its neurological manifestations, epilepsy also impacts peripheral tissues, with skeletal muscle particularly vulnerable to metabolic and oxidative stress, especially in resource-limited regions such as sub-Saharan Africa. This study investigated the therapeutic potential of curcumin, aerobic treadmill exercise, and their combination on seizure indices, oxidative stress, inflammation, and skeletal thigh muscle (<i>vastus lateralis</i>) histopathology in pilocarpine-induced rats. Seven experimental groups were established: control, pilocarpine alone, pilocarpine with diazepam, pilocarpine with curcumin, pilocarpine with exercise, pilocarpine with curcumin plus exercise, and curcumin plus exercise alone. Curcumin was administered orally (50 mg/kg), while the exercise protocol involved a&#xa0;daily 10-minute treadmill session at 0.5 m/sec. Seizure indices (time to first seizure and seizure interval); oxidative stress markers (total reactive oxygen/nitrogen species (RONS) and total thiol); histopathology; and cytokine levels (TNF‑α, IL-10) were assessed. Significant elevation of both seizure parameters and ROS but reduced total thiol level and catalase activity were observed in Pilocarpine-induced rats. Similarly, increased TNF‑α and reduced IL-10, without significant histopathological alteration, were also observed in Pilocarpine-induced rats. While curcumin, exercise, and their combination ameliorated these impairments, the significance of the ameliorative effect of this combination was relatively higher when compared to the exercise intervention group than the curcumin intervention group. Nevertheless, these findings suggest that curcumin and aerobic exercise may serve as adjunctive strategies in epilepsy management, extending therapeutic benefits beyond seizure control to skeletal muscle pathophysiology.</p>

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Impaired redox status and inflammatory markers in skeletal muscles of rats under pilocarpine-Induced seizure and the ameliorative roles of curcumin, aerobic exercise and their combination

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年12月1日

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  • Titilayo I. Ologunagba,
  • Olayemi P. Aro,
  • Ayodeji S. Boboye,
  • Ganiyu Oboh,
  • Opeyemi B. Ogunsuyi

摘要

Epilepsy, a chronic neurological disorder characterized by recurrent seizures, affects approximately 1% of the global population and imposes significant morbidity and socioeconomic burden. Beyond its neurological manifestations, epilepsy also impacts peripheral tissues, with skeletal muscle particularly vulnerable to metabolic and oxidative stress, especially in resource-limited regions such as sub-Saharan Africa. This study investigated the therapeutic potential of curcumin, aerobic treadmill exercise, and their combination on seizure indices, oxidative stress, inflammation, and skeletal thigh muscle (vastus lateralis) histopathology in pilocarpine-induced rats. Seven experimental groups were established: control, pilocarpine alone, pilocarpine with diazepam, pilocarpine with curcumin, pilocarpine with exercise, pilocarpine with curcumin plus exercise, and curcumin plus exercise alone. Curcumin was administered orally (50 mg/kg), while the exercise protocol involved a daily 10-minute treadmill session at 0.5 m/sec. Seizure indices (time to first seizure and seizure interval); oxidative stress markers (total reactive oxygen/nitrogen species (RONS) and total thiol); histopathology; and cytokine levels (TNF‑α, IL-10) were assessed. Significant elevation of both seizure parameters and ROS but reduced total thiol level and catalase activity were observed in Pilocarpine-induced rats. Similarly, increased TNF‑α and reduced IL-10, without significant histopathological alteration, were also observed in Pilocarpine-induced rats. While curcumin, exercise, and their combination ameliorated these impairments, the significance of the ameliorative effect of this combination was relatively higher when compared to the exercise intervention group than the curcumin intervention group. Nevertheless, these findings suggest that curcumin and aerobic exercise may serve as adjunctive strategies in epilepsy management, extending therapeutic benefits beyond seizure control to skeletal muscle pathophysiology.