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<p>The article covers the study of age-related differences in sensorimotor integration and the effects of mental load on simple visual-motor reaction (SVMR) performance in adults. Psychophysiological measures revealed that the older age group (36–60&#xa0;years) exhibited slower reaction times and reduced functional parameters, suggesting a&#xa0;decline in sensorimotor integration likely associated with gradual structural and functional brain changes. Group&#xa0;I (18–21&#xa0;years) showed an imbalance of nervous processes with predominance of excitation processes, whereas Groups&#xa0;II (22–35&#xa0;years) and&#xa0;III (36–60&#xa0;years) demonstrated a&#xa0;balance between excitation and inhibition processes. After mental load, all groups maintained performance at a&#xa0;certain level, likely due to mobilization of functional reserves, compensatory strategies, and activation of the mental facilitation system. At the same time, Group&#xa0;II demonstrated the highest mobilization capacity and greater resistance to mental fatigue. Although reaction time decreased after mental load in all groups, this change could not be explained by practice effects alone. The reduction in reaction time was accompanied by an increase in the mental fatigue parameter and the number of advanced responses, with age-specific patterns of change across sensorimotor measures. Overall, the findings suggest that changes in sensorimotor integration result from the effects of practice and mental load, with mental load modulating sensorimotor integration in an age-dependent manner and leading to differential effects on SVMR performance across age groups.</p>

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Study of age-related changes in sensorimotor integration by simple visual-motor reaction times under mental load

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2024年12月1日

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  • Anush Tumanian,
  • Aleksandr Khachunts,
  • Narine Tadevosyan

摘要

The article covers the study of age-related differences in sensorimotor integration and the effects of mental load on simple visual-motor reaction (SVMR) performance in adults. Psychophysiological measures revealed that the older age group (36–60 years) exhibited slower reaction times and reduced functional parameters, suggesting a decline in sensorimotor integration likely associated with gradual structural and functional brain changes. Group I (18–21 years) showed an imbalance of nervous processes with predominance of excitation processes, whereas Groups II (22–35 years) and III (36–60 years) demonstrated a balance between excitation and inhibition processes. After mental load, all groups maintained performance at a certain level, likely due to mobilization of functional reserves, compensatory strategies, and activation of the mental facilitation system. At the same time, Group II demonstrated the highest mobilization capacity and greater resistance to mental fatigue. Although reaction time decreased after mental load in all groups, this change could not be explained by practice effects alone. The reduction in reaction time was accompanied by an increase in the mental fatigue parameter and the number of advanced responses, with age-specific patterns of change across sensorimotor measures. Overall, the findings suggest that changes in sensorimotor integration result from the effects of practice and mental load, with mental load modulating sensorimotor integration in an age-dependent manner and leading to differential effects on SVMR performance across age groups.