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Purpose <p>Brain metastases (BM) from neuroendocrine neoplasms (NENs) are uncommon and are associated with limited survival. We evaluated treatment patterns and overall survival (OS)among patients with NENs and BM at diagnosis.</p> Methods <p>Patients diagnosed with NENs and BM at diagnosis between 2010 and 2023 were identified from the National Cancer Database. Treatment categories included systemic therapy plus stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS), systemic therapy plus whole-brain radiotherapy (WBRT), systemic therapy alone, SRS alone, WBRT alone, and no documented treatment. OS was estimated using Kaplan–Meier methods and examined using multivariable Cox proportional hazards models. Accelerated failure time models and additional sensitivity analyses were also performed.</p> Results <p>A total of 48,807 patients were included. Median OS was 6.24 months, with 6-month, 1-year, and 2-year survival probabilities of 51.3%, 26.6%, and 11.1%, respectively. In multivariable models, age group, sex, facility type, insurance status, Charlson–Deyo comorbidity score, year of diagnosis, and tumor differentiation were associated with OS. Survival outcomes differed across treatment groups. Primary tumor site was not associated with OS in multivariable analyses.</p> Conclusion <p> Patients with NENs and BM at diagnosis had limited overall survival in this cohort. These findings help address the limited literature on clinical outcomes in NEN-associated brain metastases. </p>

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Treatment patterns and survival outcomes in neuroendocrine neoplasms presenting with brain metastases

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年5月8日

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  • Zouina Sarfraz,
  • Tulika Ranjan,
  • Fatma Nihan Akkoc Mustafayev,
  • Joey Luzarraga,
  • Lydia Hodgson,
  • Manmeet S. Ahluwalia

摘要

Purpose

Brain metastases (BM) from neuroendocrine neoplasms (NENs) are uncommon and are associated with limited survival. We evaluated treatment patterns and overall survival (OS)among patients with NENs and BM at diagnosis.

Methods

Patients diagnosed with NENs and BM at diagnosis between 2010 and 2023 were identified from the National Cancer Database. Treatment categories included systemic therapy plus stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS), systemic therapy plus whole-brain radiotherapy (WBRT), systemic therapy alone, SRS alone, WBRT alone, and no documented treatment. OS was estimated using Kaplan–Meier methods and examined using multivariable Cox proportional hazards models. Accelerated failure time models and additional sensitivity analyses were also performed.

Results

A total of 48,807 patients were included. Median OS was 6.24 months, with 6-month, 1-year, and 2-year survival probabilities of 51.3%, 26.6%, and 11.1%, respectively. In multivariable models, age group, sex, facility type, insurance status, Charlson–Deyo comorbidity score, year of diagnosis, and tumor differentiation were associated with OS. Survival outcomes differed across treatment groups. Primary tumor site was not associated with OS in multivariable analyses.

Conclusion

Patients with NENs and BM at diagnosis had limited overall survival in this cohort. These findings help address the limited literature on clinical outcomes in NEN-associated brain metastases.