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Background <p>Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) remains an aggressive brain tumor with a poor prognosis. The financial burden of GBM have raised concerns about accessibility and equity in care. We performed a cohort study to evaluate the impact of household income on survival outcomes in patients with <i>IDH</i>-wildtype GBM.</p> Methods <p>Patients diagnosed with <i>IDH</i>-wildtype GBM from 2018 to 2021 were retrieved from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database and categorized into low-, middle-, and high-income groups based on household income. Univariate and multivariate Cox regression models were used to analyze survival data and evaluated by hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CI). Further analyses of interaction effects were also performed.</p> Results <p>In total, 6190 patients with <i>IDH</i>-wildtype GBM were included with a median survival of 12.52 months. Multivariate analysis revealed that middle- and high-income patients had significantly better survival outcomes compared to low-income patients (overall survival: HR 0.881 (0.816–0.951), <i>p</i> = 0.001, HR 0.860 (0.792–0.934), <i>p</i> &lt; 0.001; GBM-specific survival: HR 0.866 (0.799–0.937), <i>p</i> &lt; 0.001, HR 0.854 (0.784–0.929), <i>p</i> &lt; 0.001). Such disparities in survival widened over time, particularly for GBM-specific survival. An interaction effect was also found between household income and age, with older, low-income patients with <i>IDH</i>-wildtype GBM showing significantly worse outcomes.</p> Conclusion <p>Household income is an independent predictor of survival in patients with <i>IDH</i>-wildtype GBM. Disparities in outcomes are widening over time, and targeted interventions are needed to address the socioeconomic barriers to treatment, particularly for older, low-income patients.</p>

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Socioeconomic disparities in IDH-wildtype glioblastoma survival: interactions between age and household income in a SEER cohort

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

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  • 发表日期：

    2026年3月11日

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  • Ying Wang,
  • Kang Xie,
  • Kang Yang,
  • Aihong Luo,
  • Longbo Zhang

摘要

Background

Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) remains an aggressive brain tumor with a poor prognosis. The financial burden of GBM have raised concerns about accessibility and equity in care. We performed a cohort study to evaluate the impact of household income on survival outcomes in patients with IDH-wildtype GBM.

Methods

Patients diagnosed with IDH-wildtype GBM from 2018 to 2021 were retrieved from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database and categorized into low-, middle-, and high-income groups based on household income. Univariate and multivariate Cox regression models were used to analyze survival data and evaluated by hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CI). Further analyses of interaction effects were also performed.

Results

In total, 6190 patients with IDH-wildtype GBM were included with a median survival of 12.52 months. Multivariate analysis revealed that middle- and high-income patients had significantly better survival outcomes compared to low-income patients (overall survival: HR 0.881 (0.816–0.951), p = 0.001, HR 0.860 (0.792–0.934), p < 0.001; GBM-specific survival: HR 0.866 (0.799–0.937), p < 0.001, HR 0.854 (0.784–0.929), p < 0.001). Such disparities in survival widened over time, particularly for GBM-specific survival. An interaction effect was also found between household income and age, with older, low-income patients with IDH-wildtype GBM showing significantly worse outcomes.

Conclusion

Household income is an independent predictor of survival in patients with IDH-wildtype GBM. Disparities in outcomes are widening over time, and targeted interventions are needed to address the socioeconomic barriers to treatment, particularly for older, low-income patients.