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<p>Poplars are key tree species for shelterbelt construction in China’s Three-North Region but suffer severe damage from the defoliator <i>Hyphantria cunea</i> and stem-borer <i>Anoplophora glabripennis</i>, highlighting the urgent need for insect-resistant germplasm. Here, we evaluated the insect resistance of two hybrid poplar progenies, <i>Populus</i> ‘Shaxin 3’ (PdSPaP_3) and ‘Shaxin 4-1’ (PdSPaP_4), derived from a cross between insect-susceptible <i>Populus alba var. pyramidalis</i> (PaP) and insect-resistant <i>Populus deltoids</i> ‘Shalingyang’ (PdS). For <i>H. cunea</i>, larvae fed on PdSPaP_3 showed a 99.4% reduction in growth and 43.8% lower survival rate compared to those fed on PdS, accompanied by suppressed activities of cellulase, pectinase, carboxylesterase, and glutathione-S-transferase, as well as altered gut microbiota harboring unique genera <i>Oligoflexus</i> (oligotrophic indicator) and <i>unclassified_f__Paenibacillaceae</i> (potential pathogenic). For <i>A. glabripennis</i>, larvae fed on PdSPaP_4 showed a 31.8% reduction in growth and a 33.3% reduction in survival rate compared to those fed on PaP, with reduced activities of superoxide dismutase, catalase, cellulase, and pectinase, indicating strong resistance to this stem-borer. Our findings demonstrate that PdSPaP_3 and PdSPaP_4 are promising insect-resistant germplasm resources targeting <i>H. cunea</i> and <i>A. glabripennis</i>, respectively. This study provides critical insights for selective breeding of poplars and sustainable shelterbelt management in the Three-North Region, aligning with forest health and ecological conservation goals.</p>

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Insect resistance of hybrid poplars ‘Shaxin 3’ and ‘Shaxin 4 -1’: antibiosis against two major forest pests, Hyphantria cunea and Anoplophora glabripennis

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年6月30日

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  • Wenshan Gao,
  • Yutong Zhang,
  • Meiying Liu,
  • Keran Wang,
  • Jianrong Wei,
  • Zhi Su,
  • Danyang Wang,
  • Limei Song,
  • Jianfeng Liu

摘要

Poplars are key tree species for shelterbelt construction in China’s Three-North Region but suffer severe damage from the defoliator Hyphantria cunea and stem-borer Anoplophora glabripennis, highlighting the urgent need for insect-resistant germplasm. Here, we evaluated the insect resistance of two hybrid poplar progenies, Populus ‘Shaxin 3’ (PdSPaP_3) and ‘Shaxin 4-1’ (PdSPaP_4), derived from a cross between insect-susceptible Populus alba var. pyramidalis (PaP) and insect-resistant Populus deltoids ‘Shalingyang’ (PdS). For H. cunea, larvae fed on PdSPaP_3 showed a 99.4% reduction in growth and 43.8% lower survival rate compared to those fed on PdS, accompanied by suppressed activities of cellulase, pectinase, carboxylesterase, and glutathione-S-transferase, as well as altered gut microbiota harboring unique genera Oligoflexus (oligotrophic indicator) and unclassified_f__Paenibacillaceae (potential pathogenic). For A. glabripennis, larvae fed on PdSPaP_4 showed a 31.8% reduction in growth and a 33.3% reduction in survival rate compared to those fed on PaP, with reduced activities of superoxide dismutase, catalase, cellulase, and pectinase, indicating strong resistance to this stem-borer. Our findings demonstrate that PdSPaP_3 and PdSPaP_4 are promising insect-resistant germplasm resources targeting H. cunea and A. glabripennis, respectively. This study provides critical insights for selective breeding of poplars and sustainable shelterbelt management in the Three-North Region, aligning with forest health and ecological conservation goals.