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<p><i>Eucalyptus</i> is one of the world’s most widely planted hardwood genera and is increasingly supplying higher-value solid-wood and engineered products. However, wood cell collapse during drying—manifesting as surface waviness, dimensional instability, and internal checks—remains a concern for product and value recovery in many fast-grown taxa. Collapse in <i>Eucalyptus</i> has been studied for over a century, with numerous articles and postgraduate studies describing the collapse mechanisms and industrial pretreatment methods. Yet practically applied and standardised evaluation protocols for cell collapse within tree improvement programs are scarce. This review identifies the mechanisms, measurement approaches, and genetic selection potential for collapse, and outlines operational phenotyping options for breeding programs. Collapse typically initiates above the fibre saturation point (FSP) when capillary tension coincides with peak internal compressive stresses, with evidence indicating that collapse is also governed by the interaction of moisture transport, nanoscale weakening of the cell wall, and anatomical constraints. Across species and sites, density tends to correlate negatively with collapse but is not a reliable sole predictor, while cellulose content and stiffness (MOE) are informative indicators, especially where tension wood is implicated. Increment-core evaluation remains the most practical phenotyping method, although the effects of sample geometry on collapse are not yet fully understood. Technologies such as near-infrared (NIR) spectroscopy enable scalable screening in tree improvement programs. Collapse shows moderate heritability with limited genotype-by-environment interaction in several taxa, indicating that breeding against collapse is feasible, provided phenotyping is robust and comparable across sites. New insights into sap ion effects on permeability/collapse and strong geometry effects highlight the need for standardised test conditions. Process options such as intermittent schedules, reconditioning, and non-capillary dewatering can prevent or facilitate recovery from collapse but are species- and geometry-dependent. Integrating cost-effective, standardised phenotyping with multi-trait selection and genomic tools can materially reduce collapse risk in <i>Eucalyptus</i> breeding while informing drying strategies for value recovery.</p>

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Measurement and prediction of cell collapse in Eucalyptus for tree improvement programs: a review

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

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  • 发表日期：

    2026年6月3日

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  • G. P. Dowse,
  • B. M. Balboni,
  • C. B. Wessels

摘要

Eucalyptus is one of the world’s most widely planted hardwood genera and is increasingly supplying higher-value solid-wood and engineered products. However, wood cell collapse during drying—manifesting as surface waviness, dimensional instability, and internal checks—remains a concern for product and value recovery in many fast-grown taxa. Collapse in Eucalyptus has been studied for over a century, with numerous articles and postgraduate studies describing the collapse mechanisms and industrial pretreatment methods. Yet practically applied and standardised evaluation protocols for cell collapse within tree improvement programs are scarce. This review identifies the mechanisms, measurement approaches, and genetic selection potential for collapse, and outlines operational phenotyping options for breeding programs. Collapse typically initiates above the fibre saturation point (FSP) when capillary tension coincides with peak internal compressive stresses, with evidence indicating that collapse is also governed by the interaction of moisture transport, nanoscale weakening of the cell wall, and anatomical constraints. Across species and sites, density tends to correlate negatively with collapse but is not a reliable sole predictor, while cellulose content and stiffness (MOE) are informative indicators, especially where tension wood is implicated. Increment-core evaluation remains the most practical phenotyping method, although the effects of sample geometry on collapse are not yet fully understood. Technologies such as near-infrared (NIR) spectroscopy enable scalable screening in tree improvement programs. Collapse shows moderate heritability with limited genotype-by-environment interaction in several taxa, indicating that breeding against collapse is feasible, provided phenotyping is robust and comparable across sites. New insights into sap ion effects on permeability/collapse and strong geometry effects highlight the need for standardised test conditions. Process options such as intermittent schedules, reconditioning, and non-capillary dewatering can prevent or facilitate recovery from collapse but are species- and geometry-dependent. Integrating cost-effective, standardised phenotyping with multi-trait selection and genomic tools can materially reduce collapse risk in Eucalyptus breeding while informing drying strategies for value recovery.