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<p>It is of great global interest how shade-tolerant and sun-tolerant species will respond to the Representative Concentration Pathways (RCP) scenarios of climate change predicted by the end of the 21st century. To elucidate this question, we used young plants of the shade- and sun-tolerant ecotypes of <i>Paubrasilia echinata</i>, a tree native to the Brazilian Atlantic Forest. Plants were grown in three climate scenario simulations: current Atlantic Forest for the southeast region of Brazil (CAF); average temperature of CAF + 2.0 ºC and 580 ppm CO<sub>2</sub> (RCP 4.5); and average temperature of CAF + 3.5&#xa0;°C and 936 ppm CO<sub>2</sub> (RCP 8.5). Two substrate moisture conditions were established for each scenario: 80 (control) and 40% (water deficit). After 90 days of cultivation in these microclimatic conditions, we carried out growth analyses (survival, number of pinna and leaflets of their compound leaves and increase in stem elongation), non-structural carbohydrate content (sugars and starch) and cell wall polymer content (cellulose, hemicelluloses and lignin). The pessimistic climate scenario (RCP 8.5 + water deficit) inhibited photosynthesizing leaf area production (number of pinna/leaflets) of the shade-tolerant ecotype more, but without affecting survival. In this climate scenario, the shade-tolerant ecotype showed a greater capacity to accumulate sugars than the other ecotype. Also in the pessimistic climate scenario, the shade-tolerant ecotype accumulated more of this polysaccharide in the stem, while in the sun-tolerant ecotype this occurred in the root. This scenario increased the cellulose content of both ecotypes to the detriment of the lignin content of the sun-tolerant ecotype. We conclude that the rise in CO<sub>2</sub>, temperature and vapor pressure deficit (VPD) along with low precipitation in RCP 8.5 predicted for the southeastern region of Brazil by the end of this century may compromise more the photosynthesizing leaf area production of the shade-tolerant ecotype and the wood quality of the sun-tolerant ecotype of <i>P. echinata</i>. However, this does not threaten their survival.</p>

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Climate change compromises leaf units and lignin content in sun-tolerant Paubrasilia echinata plants

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年1月20日

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  • Geraldo Rogério Faustini Cuzzuol,
  • Felipe Cassa Duarte Venâncio,
  • José Eduardo Macedo Pezzopane,
  • João Vitor Toledo

摘要

It is of great global interest how shade-tolerant and sun-tolerant species will respond to the Representative Concentration Pathways (RCP) scenarios of climate change predicted by the end of the 21st century. To elucidate this question, we used young plants of the shade- and sun-tolerant ecotypes of Paubrasilia echinata, a tree native to the Brazilian Atlantic Forest. Plants were grown in three climate scenario simulations: current Atlantic Forest for the southeast region of Brazil (CAF); average temperature of CAF + 2.0 ºC and 580 ppm CO2 (RCP 4.5); and average temperature of CAF + 3.5 °C and 936 ppm CO2 (RCP 8.5). Two substrate moisture conditions were established for each scenario: 80 (control) and 40% (water deficit). After 90 days of cultivation in these microclimatic conditions, we carried out growth analyses (survival, number of pinna and leaflets of their compound leaves and increase in stem elongation), non-structural carbohydrate content (sugars and starch) and cell wall polymer content (cellulose, hemicelluloses and lignin). The pessimistic climate scenario (RCP 8.5 + water deficit) inhibited photosynthesizing leaf area production (number of pinna/leaflets) of the shade-tolerant ecotype more, but without affecting survival. In this climate scenario, the shade-tolerant ecotype showed a greater capacity to accumulate sugars than the other ecotype. Also in the pessimistic climate scenario, the shade-tolerant ecotype accumulated more of this polysaccharide in the stem, while in the sun-tolerant ecotype this occurred in the root. This scenario increased the cellulose content of both ecotypes to the detriment of the lignin content of the sun-tolerant ecotype. We conclude that the rise in CO2, temperature and vapor pressure deficit (VPD) along with low precipitation in RCP 8.5 predicted for the southeastern region of Brazil by the end of this century may compromise more the photosynthesizing leaf area production of the shade-tolerant ecotype and the wood quality of the sun-tolerant ecotype of P. echinata. However, this does not threaten their survival.