<p>This paper presents the results of a psychophysical study of the characteristics of the auditory perception of rhythmic sound sequences in an at-risk group for developing age-related hearing loss, i.e., elderly people aged 60–78 years (group 1: <i>n</i> = 39; M = 15, F = 24, normal hearing according to pure tone threshold audiometry). Comparison groups were: young subjects aged 18–30 years with normal hearing (group 2: <i>n</i> = 47; 24 men and 23 women) and elderly people aged 62–76 years with grade 2 bilateral sensorineural hearing loss who were not using hearing aids (group 3: <i>n</i> = 30; 14 men and 16 women). Age- and sex-related differences in rhythm recognition were analyzed. Experimental stimuli corresponded to sequences of three tone bursts (F = 1000 Hz) of different durations (300 or 600 msec; 150-msec pause), forming six rhythmic pattern variants (long-short-long, short-short-long, etc.). Additionally, 20 elderly subjects from Group 1 and 22 young subjects from Group 2 took part in short-term auditory memory testing using the auditory digit series reproduction method (Jacobs test). Correlations between indicators of rhythmic pattern recognition and auditory memory were assessed. The data obtained here confirmed that age and hearing condition influence rhythm perception, with significant decreases in measures (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.01) seen in elderly subjects with normal hearing thresholds. This group also showed sex-related differences in the “success” of auditory rhythm perception in relation to the characteristics of short-term auditory memory. The results are discussed in the context of using rhythmic sound sequences in testing programs and sensory-cognitive training for the early detection and prevention of age-related hearing problems, including the processes of central auditory analysis and auditory memory.</p>