Musculoskeletal Disorders in Patients with Parkinson’s Disease
摘要
Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder characterized by postural changes, including anteflexion of the trunk and flexion of the hips and knees, leading to changes in the musculoskeletal system (MSS). MSS pathology in PD is associated with two main mechanisms: a direct consequence of the motor symptoms of PD and their role as preclinical manifestations of the disease. On the one hand, clinically significant manifestations (camptocormia, leaning tower syndrome, antecollis, and hand dystonia) lead to postural and finger deformities over the course of the disease. On the other hand, patients with PD develop primary disorders of the MSS in the form of adhesive capsulitis and rotator cuff tendinopathy with partial tendon ruptures, rheumatoid arthritis, osteoarthrosis, and osteoporosis, with a risk of pathological fractures. MSS pathology is a significant disabling factor in PD, requiring an interdisciplinary approach involving neurologists, orthopedic traumatologists, and rehabilitation specialists, all working towards prevention of disabling deformities, early diagnosis, and optimal therapy. In this regard, there is a need to evaluate orthopedic symptoms in patients with PD and conduct multicenter studies to develop management algorithms.