Objective. To study age-related patterns of changes in leading clinical diagnoses in adolescents and young adults with non-suicidal self-injury. Materials and methods. The study included 200 adolescents and young adults – 182 (91.0%) females and 18 (9.0%) males. A clinical method consisting of a standard diagnostic interview was used and statistical processing of the results was carried out in SPSS (Statistical Package for the Social Sciences). Results. Non-suicidal self-injury was observed in eight main nosological forms: adjustment disorders (39.5%), conduct disorders (21.0%), personality disorders (10.5%), eating disorders (10.5%), obsessive- compulsive disorder (OCD) (6.5%), including in combination with so-called OCD spectrum (hoarding, skin excoriations, trichotillomania) (4.0%), schizophrenia spectrum disorders (6.5%), depressive episode (4.0%), and organic non-psychotic disorders (1.5%). Initially established diagnoses of adjustment disorder were replaced by other diagnoses on follow-up assessment in all patients (n = 79, 100.0%): in 28 cases (35.4%) it was transformed into a behavioral diagnosis, and in 51 cases (64.5%), in individuals over 18 years of age, into a diagnosis of personality disorder. At the final examination, there was a statistically significant decrease in the number of patients with diagnoses of F91–92 – 33.5 versus 8.0% (χ2 = 39.542, df(1), p = 0.0001, OR = 5.793, 95% CI (3.214–10.443)), which is also explained by the fact that these patients reached adulthood, which allowed diagnoses of personality disorder to be made. As a result, the prevalence of this diagnosis increased significantly – from 37.5 to 68.0%, χ2 = 39.967, df(1), p = 0.0001, OR = 5.114, 95% CI (2.995–8.733). It is of note that all 13 (6.5%) patients were initially diagnosed with obsessive-compulsive disorder, with replacement in eight cases (4.0%) with obsessive-compulsive personality disorder and in five (2.5%) with conduct disorders/ mixed disorders of conduct and emotions (rubric F91–92) (for individuals under 18 years of age). Analysis of the structure of final diagnoses indicates a quantitative predominance of patients with personality disorders as compared with the total number of patients with other diagnoses – 136 individuals versus 64 individuals (χ2 = 25.920, df(1), p = 0.0001). Of these, 60 (30.0% of the total number of patients) were patients with emotionally unstable borderline personality disorder. However, in addition, “borderline features” were always present in the characterological structure of mixed and other personality disorders (F61), which reached 16.5% of all diagnoses. Conclusion. The patterns found in the structure and changs in main clinical diagnoses in the patients studied here are important for understanding both the nosological affiliation of the phenomenon of non-suicidal self-injury and for clarifying the stages of formation of some forms of personality disorders in adolescents.

Age Transformation of Leading Clinical Diagnoses in Adolescents and Young People with Non-Suicidal Self-Injury

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发表日期：

2026年3月17日

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Yu. V. Khutoryanskaya,
S. V. Grechanyi

摘要

Objective. To study age-related patterns of changes in leading clinical diagnoses in adolescents and young adults with non-suicidal self-injury. Materials and methods. The study included 200 adolescents and young adults – 182 (91.0%) females and 18 (9.0%) males. A clinical method consisting of a standard diagnostic interview was used and statistical processing of the results was carried out in SPSS (Statistical Package for the Social Sciences). Results. Non-suicidal self-injury was observed in eight main nosological forms: adjustment disorders (39.5%), conduct disorders (21.0%), personality disorders (10.5%), eating disorders (10.5%), obsessive- compulsive disorder (OCD) (6.5%), including in combination with so-called OCD spectrum (hoarding, skin excoriations, trichotillomania) (4.0%), schizophrenia spectrum disorders (6.5%), depressive episode (4.0%), and organic non-psychotic disorders (1.5%). Initially established diagnoses of adjustment disorder were replaced by other diagnoses on follow-up assessment in all patients (n = 79, 100.0%): in 28 cases (35.4%) it was transformed into a behavioral diagnosis, and in 51 cases (64.5%), in individuals over 18 years of age, into a diagnosis of personality disorder. At the final examination, there was a statistically significant decrease in the number of patients with diagnoses of F91–92 – 33.5 versus 8.0% (χ² = 39.542, df(1), p = 0.0001, OR = 5.793, 95% CI (3.214–10.443)), which is also explained by the fact that these patients reached adulthood, which allowed diagnoses of personality disorder to be made. As a result, the prevalence of this diagnosis increased significantly – from 37.5 to 68.0%, χ² = 39.967, df(1), p = 0.0001, OR = 5.114, 95% CI (2.995–8.733). It is of note that all 13 (6.5%) patients were initially diagnosed with obsessive-compulsive disorder, with replacement in eight cases (4.0%) with obsessive-compulsive personality disorder and in five (2.5%) with conduct disorders/ mixed disorders of conduct and emotions (rubric F91–92) (for individuals under 18 years of age). Analysis of the structure of final diagnoses indicates a quantitative predominance of patients with personality disorders as compared with the total number of patients with other diagnoses – 136 individuals versus 64 individuals (χ² = 25.920, df(1), p = 0.0001). Of these, 60 (30.0% of the total number of patients) were patients with emotionally unstable borderline personality disorder. However, in addition, “borderline features” were always present in the characterological structure of mixed and other personality disorders (F61), which reached 16.5% of all diagnoses. Conclusion. The patterns found in the structure and changs in main clinical diagnoses in the patients studied here are important for understanding both the nosological affiliation of the phenomenon of non-suicidal self-injury and for clarifying the stages of formation of some forms of personality disorders in adolescents.