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<p>Acute disseminated encephalomyelitis (ADEM) is an acute autoimmune demyelinating inflammatory disease of the central nervous system. The etiology of ADEM is in many cases associated with a preceding viral infection or vaccination. The disease is believed to be multifactorial, its development being determined by a combination of genetic and environmental factors such as exposure to infectious agents and immunization. The pathogenesis of ADEM remains incompletely understood and is of serious interest in terms of understanding the pathophysiology of the acute demyelinating process and determining possible outcomes of the disease, as well as its long-term prognosis. We conducted a search for publications addressing the molecular mechanisms of acute disseminated encephalomyelitis in the PubMed, Scopus, ScienceDirect, and Mendeley databases. This review provides a brief description of knowledge of the pathogenesis, clinical phenotypes, and diagnosis of ADEM and summarizes the currently available information on research on the molecular mechanisms development of ADEM, including results from genomic studies.</p>

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Molecular Mechanisms of Acute Disseminated Encephalomyelitis

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年1月26日

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  • G. I. Sadekova,
  • M. S. Kozin,
  • O. G. Kulakova,
  • A. N. Boyko

摘要

Acute disseminated encephalomyelitis (ADEM) is an acute autoimmune demyelinating inflammatory disease of the central nervous system. The etiology of ADEM is in many cases associated with a preceding viral infection or vaccination. The disease is believed to be multifactorial, its development being determined by a combination of genetic and environmental factors such as exposure to infectious agents and immunization. The pathogenesis of ADEM remains incompletely understood and is of serious interest in terms of understanding the pathophysiology of the acute demyelinating process and determining possible outcomes of the disease, as well as its long-term prognosis. We conducted a search for publications addressing the molecular mechanisms of acute disseminated encephalomyelitis in the PubMed, Scopus, ScienceDirect, and Mendeley databases. This review provides a brief description of knowledge of the pathogenesis, clinical phenotypes, and diagnosis of ADEM and summarizes the currently available information on research on the molecular mechanisms development of ADEM, including results from genomic studies.