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<p>Alzheimer's disease (AD) is identified by gradual declines in cognitive function and memory. While pharmacological and non-pharmacological therapies are investigated, the study aimed to evaluate the combination of light/Dark (LD) cycle and environmental enrichment (EE) affects hemoglobin (Hb) levels, the serum levels of iron, high-density lipoprotein (HDL), and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) in a mouse model of AD-like neuroinflammation.&#xa0;The study involved 40 adult male mice in a controlled environment, with memory impairment induced by a single intraperitoneal injection of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and were randomly assigned to eight groups. After 21 days, the mice underwent shuttle-box testing, hematological and serum biochemical examinations.&#xa0;Significant differences in the levels of Hb, iron, HDL, and ALP among the various groups of mice exposed to different light–dark cycles and EE were observed. Hb levels were significantly higher in the LSH 8:16 LD and LEE 12:12 LD groups compared to the LSH 16:8 LD group (<i>P</i> &lt; 0.05). Iron levels were significantly elevated in the LEE 12:12 LD and LSH 8:16 LD groups (<i>P</i> &lt; 0.01). Additionally, ALP levels were significantly increased in the LEE 16:8 LD group (<i>P</i> &lt; 0.01).&#xa0;In conclusion, our results suggest that simultaneous environmental enrichment and LD cycle manipulation exert beneficial effects on systemic and possibly neural biomarkers in an LPS-induced AD-like model.</p>

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The simultaneous effect of light/dark cycle and environmental enrichment on blood biomarkers in Alzheimer’s disease (AD)-like Neuroinflammation mouse model

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年2月20日

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  • Babak Pourgholamali,
  • Hoora Ghovvati Choshal,
  • Houri Hosseinalizadeh Seighalani,
  • Behzad Pourgholamali,
  • Armin Zahedi Abghari,
  • Masoumeh Saberi Rounkian,
  • Korosh Khanaki

摘要

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is identified by gradual declines in cognitive function and memory. While pharmacological and non-pharmacological therapies are investigated, the study aimed to evaluate the combination of light/Dark (LD) cycle and environmental enrichment (EE) affects hemoglobin (Hb) levels, the serum levels of iron, high-density lipoprotein (HDL), and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) in a mouse model of AD-like neuroinflammation. The study involved 40 adult male mice in a controlled environment, with memory impairment induced by a single intraperitoneal injection of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and were randomly assigned to eight groups. After 21 days, the mice underwent shuttle-box testing, hematological and serum biochemical examinations. Significant differences in the levels of Hb, iron, HDL, and ALP among the various groups of mice exposed to different light–dark cycles and EE were observed. Hb levels were significantly higher in the LSH 8:16 LD and LEE 12:12 LD groups compared to the LSH 16:8 LD group (P < 0.05). Iron levels were significantly elevated in the LEE 12:12 LD and LSH 8:16 LD groups (P < 0.01). Additionally, ALP levels were significantly increased in the LEE 16:8 LD group (P < 0.01). In conclusion, our results suggest that simultaneous environmental enrichment and LD cycle manipulation exert beneficial effects on systemic and possibly neural biomarkers in an LPS-induced AD-like model.