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<p>Cognitive impairments such as subjective cognitive decline (SCD), non-amnestic (naMCI), and amnestic mild cognitive impairment (aMCI) are often accompanied by olfactory dysfunction. Elevated total cholesterol levels have been associated with both cognitive impairment and olfactory dysfunction, although previous findings have been inconclusive. This study aimed to further evaluate the relationship between total cholesterol levels, olfactory function, and cognitive impairment. Data were obtained from the Research, Documentation and Analysis (RDA) system and the AKIM (Allgemeines Krankenhaus Information Management) system of the Medical University of Vienna using protocols from October 2008 to January 2023. Patients from the university’s Department of Neurology were included. Multiple linear regression and analysis of variance were conducted using IBM SPSS®, taking 5% as α-type-I error into account. In order to be included in this study, patients had to be ≥ 50&#xa0;years old at the time of neuropsychological assessment, diagnosed with SCD, naMCI, or aMCI, and meet none of the exclusion criteria (neurological disorders such as schizophrenia, stroke, traumatic brain injury, epilepsy, or multiple sclerosis). Other forms of cognitive impairment (e.g., vascular dementia, dementia with Lewy bodies) or comorbidities associated with cognitive). Out of 490 patients, 57.6% had elevated total cholesterol (≥ 200&#xa0;mg/dL), and 33.7% were hyposmic. aMCI patients showed significantly reduced olfactory performance compared to both SCD (<i>r</i> =  − .23) and naMCI groups (<i>r</i> =  − .25), indicating a small effect. No significant correlation was found between total cholesterol metric levels and olfactory performance assessed with Sniffin’ Sticks. Interestingly, elevated cholesterol levels (≥ 200&#xa0;mg/dL) were associated with a slightly better olfactory performance in SCD and naMCI. A regression model considering all study-relevant parameters indicated lower cholesterol to be a weak predictor of better olfactory function (<i>β</i> =  − .080 to − .084). However, this association diminished after adjusting for age. A weak effect related to the total cholesterol level as a risk factor for olfactory performance can be assumed, though age appears to be a confounding variable. Other predictors of olfactory impairment included gender, education, verbal intelligence, and select neuropsychological measures. Further research is suggested.</p>

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The impact of cholesterol on olfactory function in patients with subjective cognitive decline, non-amnestic and amnestic mild cognitive impairment

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  • 发表日期：

    2025年10月16日

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  • Hanna Axmann,
  • Johann Lehrner

摘要

Cognitive impairments such as subjective cognitive decline (SCD), non-amnestic (naMCI), and amnestic mild cognitive impairment (aMCI) are often accompanied by olfactory dysfunction. Elevated total cholesterol levels have been associated with both cognitive impairment and olfactory dysfunction, although previous findings have been inconclusive. This study aimed to further evaluate the relationship between total cholesterol levels, olfactory function, and cognitive impairment. Data were obtained from the Research, Documentation and Analysis (RDA) system and the AKIM (Allgemeines Krankenhaus Information Management) system of the Medical University of Vienna using protocols from October 2008 to January 2023. Patients from the university’s Department of Neurology were included. Multiple linear regression and analysis of variance were conducted using IBM SPSS®, taking 5% as α-type-I error into account. In order to be included in this study, patients had to be ≥ 50 years old at the time of neuropsychological assessment, diagnosed with SCD, naMCI, or aMCI, and meet none of the exclusion criteria (neurological disorders such as schizophrenia, stroke, traumatic brain injury, epilepsy, or multiple sclerosis). Other forms of cognitive impairment (e.g., vascular dementia, dementia with Lewy bodies) or comorbidities associated with cognitive). Out of 490 patients, 57.6% had elevated total cholesterol (≥ 200 mg/dL), and 33.7% were hyposmic. aMCI patients showed significantly reduced olfactory performance compared to both SCD (r =  − .23) and naMCI groups (r =  − .25), indicating a small effect. No significant correlation was found between total cholesterol metric levels and olfactory performance assessed with Sniffin’ Sticks. Interestingly, elevated cholesterol levels (≥ 200 mg/dL) were associated with a slightly better olfactory performance in SCD and naMCI. A regression model considering all study-relevant parameters indicated lower cholesterol to be a weak predictor of better olfactory function (β =  − .080 to − .084). However, this association diminished after adjusting for age. A weak effect related to the total cholesterol level as a risk factor for olfactory performance can be assumed, though age appears to be a confounding variable. Other predictors of olfactory impairment included gender, education, verbal intelligence, and select neuropsychological measures. Further research is suggested.