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<p>Cognitive impairment (CI) is one of the most important problems of modern clinical neurology, due to its high prevalence and level of disability. CI is progressive in most cases. The development of CI is inevitably associated with the loss of neurons and interneuronal synaptic connections. Possible mechanisms for the development of CI include a deficiency of neurotrophic factors, disorders of neurotransmitter systems, impaired energy metabolism with mitochondrial dysfunction, oxidative stress, neuroinflammation, and damage to the blood–brain barrier. Chronic cerebral hypoperfusion is probably one of the main causes, as it occurs at the initial stages of both cerebrovascular and neurodegenerative damage. It links some of the mechanisms of CI, such as chronic inflammation, oxidative stress, neurodegeneration, and cerebral atrophy. Among the drugs for the treatment of CI is Mexidol, which has multimodal effects, including antioxidant, antihypoxic, and membrane-protective properties. The clinical efficacy of Mexidol in relation to mild cognitive impairment was confirmed by a meta-analysis of the results of 10 prospective clinical trials.</p>

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The Main Mechanisms of Development of Cognitive Impairment

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年9月11日

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  • A. N. Bogolepova

摘要

Cognitive impairment (CI) is one of the most important problems of modern clinical neurology, due to its high prevalence and level of disability. CI is progressive in most cases. The development of CI is inevitably associated with the loss of neurons and interneuronal synaptic connections. Possible mechanisms for the development of CI include a deficiency of neurotrophic factors, disorders of neurotransmitter systems, impaired energy metabolism with mitochondrial dysfunction, oxidative stress, neuroinflammation, and damage to the blood–brain barrier. Chronic cerebral hypoperfusion is probably one of the main causes, as it occurs at the initial stages of both cerebrovascular and neurodegenerative damage. It links some of the mechanisms of CI, such as chronic inflammation, oxidative stress, neurodegeneration, and cerebral atrophy. Among the drugs for the treatment of CI is Mexidol, which has multimodal effects, including antioxidant, antihypoxic, and membrane-protective properties. The clinical efficacy of Mexidol in relation to mild cognitive impairment was confirmed by a meta-analysis of the results of 10 prospective clinical trials.