<p>One developing area in research on bipolar affective disorder (BAD) is the study of the neurocognitive profile of this cohort of patients. The demand for this work is determined by the needs of both clinical practice, particularly in terms of determining the relationship between cognitive impairment and the level of social and labor adaptation of patients, and mental health science in relation to analysis of BAD subtypes and clarification of their neurobiological bases. Meta-analysis and review articles and original research reports on this topic were identified by searching for combinations of the keywords “BAD,” “psychosis,” “BAD I type,” “BAD II type,” “cognitive impairment,” “cognitive dysfunction,” “meta-analysis,” and “review” in the PubMed and Google Scholar databases. The results showed that BAD subgroups with and without psychotic manifestations – BAD types I and II – have neurocognitive profiles with different structures and cognitive impairments of different depths and severities, which can be suggested to reflect differences in the neurobiological mechanisms of these disorders. Comparison of the neurocognitive profile and psychopathological manifestations of the subgroups discussed here will be of interest for further research into BAD. Assessment of the neurocognitive profile of BAD subgroups may allow clinicians to provide more effective treatment and diagnoses. Identification of significant causal factors will help to implement personalized therapeutic interventions and develop effective preventive programs.</p>