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<p><b>Objective.</b> To compare the effectiveness of neural training using biofeedback (BF) at infra-low and α frequencies in the correction of cognitive impairments (CI) in patients with early cerebral microangiopathy (CMA). <b>Materials and methods.</b> The study included 71 patients (mean age 52.8 ± 6.3 years, 15% men, 85% women) with early CMA and 21 healthy volunteers (mean age 53.2 ± 4.8 years, 29% men, 71% women). All participants were assessed for clinical manifestations and cognitive functions and underwent brain MRI and EEG investigations. Patients with CMA were randomized using the envelope method with double-blind placebo control. Three biofeedback neural training groups were formed: 25 patients with infra-low waves, 22 with α waves, and 24 with simulated biofeedback using the EEG (placebo). Fifteen 30-minute sessions were conducted at a rate of 2–5 times a week. Cognitive profi les and EEG recordings were assessed immediately and 6–8 weeks after completion of biofeedback courses. <b>Results.</b> The group of patients with CMA had subjective (65%) and moderate (35%) cognitive impairments with predominant deviations in the components of the executive functions of the brain. Biofeedback neural training using infra-low waves signifi cantly improved cerebral executive functions in the productivity, switching, inhibition, and non-verbal delayed memory components immediately after courses, with the effect persisting for at least 6–8 weeks and accompanied by an increase in the power (μV<sup>2</sup>) of the α rhythm in the occipital regions. Biofeedback training with α waves led to improvements in the Stroop test (interference index) in the longer-term period. <b>Conclusions.</b> Infra-low frequency biofeedback neural training is advisable in patients with early CMA and deterioration of cerebral executive functions, with the aim of correcting CI and creating a cognitive reserve. The increase in α-rhythm power in the occipital regions during biotraining courses can be regarded as a prognostic marker of its effectiveness.</p>

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A Neural Training Method with Biological Feedback in the Treatment of Cognitive Impairments in Patients with Early Cerebral Small Vessel Disease

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年2月1日

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  • L. A. Dobrynina,
  • E. S. Novikova,
  • O. R. Dobrushina,
  • E. V. Gnedovskaya,
  • O. S. Korepina,
  • A. A. Byrochkina

摘要

Objective. To compare the effectiveness of neural training using biofeedback (BF) at infra-low and α frequencies in the correction of cognitive impairments (CI) in patients with early cerebral microangiopathy (CMA). Materials and methods. The study included 71 patients (mean age 52.8 ± 6.3 years, 15% men, 85% women) with early CMA and 21 healthy volunteers (mean age 53.2 ± 4.8 years, 29% men, 71% women). All participants were assessed for clinical manifestations and cognitive functions and underwent brain MRI and EEG investigations. Patients with CMA were randomized using the envelope method with double-blind placebo control. Three biofeedback neural training groups were formed: 25 patients with infra-low waves, 22 with α waves, and 24 with simulated biofeedback using the EEG (placebo). Fifteen 30-minute sessions were conducted at a rate of 2–5 times a week. Cognitive profi les and EEG recordings were assessed immediately and 6–8 weeks after completion of biofeedback courses. Results. The group of patients with CMA had subjective (65%) and moderate (35%) cognitive impairments with predominant deviations in the components of the executive functions of the brain. Biofeedback neural training using infra-low waves signifi cantly improved cerebral executive functions in the productivity, switching, inhibition, and non-verbal delayed memory components immediately after courses, with the effect persisting for at least 6–8 weeks and accompanied by an increase in the power (μV2) of the α rhythm in the occipital regions. Biofeedback training with α waves led to improvements in the Stroop test (interference index) in the longer-term period. Conclusions. Infra-low frequency biofeedback neural training is advisable in patients with early CMA and deterioration of cerebral executive functions, with the aim of correcting CI and creating a cognitive reserve. The increase in α-rhythm power in the occipital regions during biotraining courses can be regarded as a prognostic marker of its effectiveness.