Factors Affecting Adherence to CPAP Therapy in Patients with Obstructive Sleep Apnea Syndrome

Objective. To analyze factors influencing adherence to noninvasive ventilation with continuous positive air flow pressure during sleep (CPAP therapy) in patients with OSAS. Materials and methods. A literature search was conducted using the search engines PubMed, Google Scholar, eLIBRARY, and CyberLeninka for the period 2013–2023 and included review and original articles. Results. The main groups of factors influencing adherence to CPAP therapy in patients with OSAS were identified. These include sociodemographic and socioeconomic factors, the severity of OSAS, the severity of clinical symptoms, and psychosocial factors. Activities seeking to improve adherence (educational techniques for patients, telemedicine technologies, behavioral therapy, modern technical solutions) were identified. Conclusion. This approach identified factors improving adherence to CPAP therapy as patients having high levels of education and income, more severe forms of OSAS accompanied by daytime sleepiness, support from the patient’s spouse, and social support. Factors worsening adherence to CPAP therapy to the point of refusing to continue treatment included low educational and income levels, smoking, symptoms of depression and hypochondria, and side effects. It should be noted that all the factors identified are very closely interconnected with each other, so factors need to be evaluated comprehensively in each patient with OSAS.