Cognitive Impairments in Cerebrovascular Diseases

Cognitive impairment (CI), which is highly prevalent, especially among the elderly, leads to decreases in patients’ quality of life, impairments to daily activities, and an increased risk of dementia and mortality. Much attention is currently being paid to moderate CI. This article discusses the diagnostic criteria and possible clinical variants of this syndrome. The high rate of progression of moderate CI to dementia makes it necessary to identify risk groups and carry out preventive measures. Correction of potentially modifiable risk factors is regarded as a promising approach to therapy. Sufficient physical and mental activity, proper diet, and normalization of sleep, visual acuity, and hearing are needed. Preventing stroke and controlling cardiovascular risk factors may reduce the risk of progression from mild CI to dementia.