Electronic Visual Prostheses

Electronic retinal implants represent a promising technology for partial restoration of vision in severe neurodegenerative diseases. The underlying concept is that they replace damaged photoreceptors with electronic devices able to convert light signals into electrical impulses which stimulate bipolar or retinal ganglion cells. This review examines the history of the creation of this technology and the current state of progress in this area, as well as various design options and the principles of operation of retinal implants.