Experimental Approaches to Studies of the Localization of Sound Sources by Distance

This paper presents an overview of modern methods used for studies of the ability to localize sound sources by distance. Monaural and binaural localization cues are considered. The role of binaural hearing in estimating the distance to a sound source is discussed in detail. Localizing cues are shown to have roles in absolute and relative estimation of distance. The advantages and limitations of various experimental approaches to creating virtual sound images are considered. A separate section discusses approaches to the formation of moving sound images. Overall data are given on results of assessments of auditory resolution by distance as obtained using different methods for stationary and moving sound sources. The review includes the results of the authors’ own research and a description of promising experimental and applied approaches to the development of this area.