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<p>The Jiaodong Peninsula (East China) is renowned for its world-class Au deposits, characterized by extensive pyrite formations resulting from hydrothermal alteration. This study focused on the trace element geochemistry of pyrite from the Qianchen Au deposit in the Jiaodong Au province to assess its effectiveness as an indicator mineral for understanding the spatial evolution of mineralization fluids. Pyrite in the Qianchen deposit primarily formed during the main mineralization stage and coexisted with quartz and sericite, constituting ore-related beresitization. Pyrite grains from both Au ores (&gt;&#xa0;0.44&#xa0;g/t Au) and barren altered rocks (&lt;&#xa0;0.44&#xa0;g/t Au) are characterized by a homogeneous texture in backscatter electron imaging. Multivariate statistical analysis highlighted that As, Bi, and Se in pyrite are critical elements for delineating the Qianchen orebody. Pyrite in Au ores (As avg. 84.8&#xa0;ppm, Se avg. 1.84&#xa0;ppm, Bi avg. 16.4&#xa0;ppm) exhibited higher As and Bi but lower Se concentrations compared to that in barren altered rocks (As avg. 57.6&#xa0;ppm, Se avg. 5.13&#xa0;ppm, Bi avg. 7.36&#xa0;ppm). These spatial variations in element concentrations of pyrite are attributed to higher pH and elevated temperatures, arising from more intensive fluid–rock interactions in ore-bearing zones compared to barren altered wall rocks. Moreover, the unit cell parameter of pyrite at the Qianchen deposit, indicative of As lattice substitutions, provides a key indicator for Au mineralization, with enlarged axial lengths (&gt;&#xa0;5.4195&#xa0;Å) correlating with Au mineralization potential. Geochemical and unit cell parameter mapping of pyrite indicated that the − 1500 to − 1800&#xa0;m depth interval in the western part of the Qianchen is a promising exploration target. By integrating the spatial evolution of trace elements in pyrite with data mining techniques, this study provides valuable insights into the use of pyrite as an indicator mineral for exploring lode Au deposits.</p>

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Pyrite Geochemistry of the Qianchen Gold Deposit, Jiaodong Peninsula, China: An Indicator Mineral for the Spatial Evolution of Mineralization Fluid

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年12月21日

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  • Hongtao Zhao,
  • Yu Zhang,
  • Yongjun Shao,
  • Yuanming Pan,
  • Ana Carolina R. Miranda,
  • Yanbo Xu,
  • Yuzhou Feng,
  • Xiaoyan Chen

摘要

The Jiaodong Peninsula (East China) is renowned for its world-class Au deposits, characterized by extensive pyrite formations resulting from hydrothermal alteration. This study focused on the trace element geochemistry of pyrite from the Qianchen Au deposit in the Jiaodong Au province to assess its effectiveness as an indicator mineral for understanding the spatial evolution of mineralization fluids. Pyrite in the Qianchen deposit primarily formed during the main mineralization stage and coexisted with quartz and sericite, constituting ore-related beresitization. Pyrite grains from both Au ores (> 0.44 g/t Au) and barren altered rocks (< 0.44 g/t Au) are characterized by a homogeneous texture in backscatter electron imaging. Multivariate statistical analysis highlighted that As, Bi, and Se in pyrite are critical elements for delineating the Qianchen orebody. Pyrite in Au ores (As avg. 84.8 ppm, Se avg. 1.84 ppm, Bi avg. 16.4 ppm) exhibited higher As and Bi but lower Se concentrations compared to that in barren altered rocks (As avg. 57.6 ppm, Se avg. 5.13 ppm, Bi avg. 7.36 ppm). These spatial variations in element concentrations of pyrite are attributed to higher pH and elevated temperatures, arising from more intensive fluid–rock interactions in ore-bearing zones compared to barren altered wall rocks. Moreover, the unit cell parameter of pyrite at the Qianchen deposit, indicative of As lattice substitutions, provides a key indicator for Au mineralization, with enlarged axial lengths (> 5.4195 Å) correlating with Au mineralization potential. Geochemical and unit cell parameter mapping of pyrite indicated that the − 1500 to − 1800 m depth interval in the western part of the Qianchen is a promising exploration target. By integrating the spatial evolution of trace elements in pyrite with data mining techniques, this study provides valuable insights into the use of pyrite as an indicator mineral for exploring lode Au deposits.