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<p>Ground deformation in opencast coal mining regions of Jharia Coalfield is a significant concern primarily attributed to large-scale excavation, stress redistribution, and coal seam fires. Previous studies often overlooked comprehensive time series analysis of horizontal and vertical deformation, seasonal influences, and velocity interdependencies in mining-induced subsidence. This paper presents a detailed ground deformation analysis in the mining-affected region of Jeenagora Opencast Coal Mines in the Jharia Coalfield, integrating time series displacement trends, velocity classification, spatial association, and correlation analysis, with an extended assessment to identify its underlying causes. This study employed PS-InSAR and advanced statistical analysis to assess ground displacement trends over 360 days. The analysis revealed substantial deformations, with cumulative vertical displacements ranging from − 296.26 to 308.42&#xa0;mm, and horizontal displacements between − 387.24 and 386.52&#xa0;mm, highlighting widespread instability. A 6th-degree polynomial fit (<i>r</i><sup>2</sup> = 0.989) effectively captured vertical deformation trends, while a 5th-degree (<i>r</i><sup>2</sup> = 0.978) was used for horizontal displacement. Residual plots show strong dependency on rainfall patterns suggesting that the seasonal variations significantly influenced deformation. A 15-day lag was observed between vertical and horizontal displacement responses due to percolation time, stress propagation, and other effects. Spatial association analysis indicated that 33.5% of the area experienced minimal vertical displacement (− 30–30&#xa0;mm/year), while severe horizontal displacement (&lt;&#xa0;− 90&#xa0;mm/year) affected 28.2%, mainly in active mining zones. Significant ground movement, with 55% of the region experiencing velocities above 90 mm/year (mean = 116.13 mm/year) and a dominant deformation direction of 118.02°, indicating uplifted westward displacement due to complex stress conditions. Correlation analysis confirmed that horizontal deformation was the dominant displacement process (<i>r</i> = 0.8468), whereas vertical displacement played a secondary role (<i>r</i> = 0.5153). These findings underscore the need for continuous monitoring and adaptive mitigation strategies to manage mining-induced ground instability effectively. This study also contributes to understanding deformation dynamics in opencast mining regions and provides a foundation for risk management and land stability planning.</p>

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Comprehensive Assessment of Ground Deformation Dynamics and Displacement Patterns in Jeenagora Opencast Coal Mining Region of Jharia Coalfield Using PS-InSAR and Advanced Statistical Analysis

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年12月1日

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  • Aditya Kumar Thakur,
  • Rahul Dev Garg,
  • Kamal Jain

摘要

Ground deformation in opencast coal mining regions of Jharia Coalfield is a significant concern primarily attributed to large-scale excavation, stress redistribution, and coal seam fires. Previous studies often overlooked comprehensive time series analysis of horizontal and vertical deformation, seasonal influences, and velocity interdependencies in mining-induced subsidence. This paper presents a detailed ground deformation analysis in the mining-affected region of Jeenagora Opencast Coal Mines in the Jharia Coalfield, integrating time series displacement trends, velocity classification, spatial association, and correlation analysis, with an extended assessment to identify its underlying causes. This study employed PS-InSAR and advanced statistical analysis to assess ground displacement trends over 360 days. The analysis revealed substantial deformations, with cumulative vertical displacements ranging from − 296.26 to 308.42 mm, and horizontal displacements between − 387.24 and 386.52 mm, highlighting widespread instability. A 6th-degree polynomial fit (r2 = 0.989) effectively captured vertical deformation trends, while a 5th-degree (r2 = 0.978) was used for horizontal displacement. Residual plots show strong dependency on rainfall patterns suggesting that the seasonal variations significantly influenced deformation. A 15-day lag was observed between vertical and horizontal displacement responses due to percolation time, stress propagation, and other effects. Spatial association analysis indicated that 33.5% of the area experienced minimal vertical displacement (− 30–30 mm/year), while severe horizontal displacement (< − 90 mm/year) affected 28.2%, mainly in active mining zones. Significant ground movement, with 55% of the region experiencing velocities above 90 mm/year (mean = 116.13 mm/year) and a dominant deformation direction of 118.02°, indicating uplifted westward displacement due to complex stress conditions. Correlation analysis confirmed that horizontal deformation was the dominant displacement process (r = 0.8468), whereas vertical displacement played a secondary role (r = 0.5153). These findings underscore the need for continuous monitoring and adaptive mitigation strategies to manage mining-induced ground instability effectively. This study also contributes to understanding deformation dynamics in opencast mining regions and provides a foundation for risk management and land stability planning.