<p>To enhance the permeability of low-permeability coal seams, we conducted supercritical carbon dioxide (Sc-CO₂) cyclic soaking experiments. The impact of Sc-CO₂ cyclic soaking time on the seepage properties and stress sensitivity of coal was comprehensively examined in conjunction with X-ray diffractometer and Fourier transform infrared spectrometer experimental analyses. The results showed that, after Sc-CO₂ treatment, coal exhibited an increase in mineral content, a decrease in organic content and matrix mass, both of which leveled off with extended soaking time. Additionally, the total pore volume of coal augmented and subsequently stabilized with the progression of soaking cycles. Under Sc-CO₂ cyclic soaking conditions, coal permeability was positively exponentially related to gas pressure and negatively exponentially related to effective stress. Notably, with increasing soaking time, permeability initially rose and then declined, attributed to the accumulation of residual extracts within coal seepage pores. Sc-CO₂ significantly mitigated the effects of gas pressure on coal permeability, causing gas pressure sensitivity coefficient to shrink by 1–2 orders of magnitude. This coefficient exhibited a linear increase with gas pressure and a negative exponential change pattern with soaking time. Moreover, Sc-CO₂ effectively intensified the affect of effective stress on coal permeability, resulting in a 2–5 times increase in effective stress sensitivity factor of treated coal. This coefficient decreased linearly with increasing effective stress but followed a pattern of initial increase followed by decrease with the progression of soaking cycles. Therefore, the permeability-enhancing effect of Sc-CO₂ on coal seams can be enhanced by altering the effective stress.</p>