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<p>In this study, we examined the structure, physical and chemical properties, colloidal behavior, and biological properties of nanoparticles of bismuth ferrite (BFO) and samarium-doped bismuth ferrite (BFO:Sm). These nanoparticles were coated with polyethylene glycol (PEG 4000) and were synthesized using a hydrothermal method. X-ray diffraction and Raman vibrational spectroscopy showed that a rhombohedral perovskite (R3c) single-phase BFO structure formed and that Sm<sup>3</sup>⁺ ions entered the A-site of the crystal lattice. The functionalization of BFO NPs with PEG was confirmed by FT-IR and TGA. This material demonstrated enhanced colloidal stability physiological-like conditions in PBS (pH 7.3), as evidenced by dynamic light scattering and zeta potential measurements. In vitro cytocompatibility studies with HEK293 cells showed that PEGylation reduced nanoparticle toxicity. The results suggested that samarium substitution did not introduce additional toxicity within the analyzed concentration range. The results obtained under the studied conditions show the potential of PEGylated Sm-doped BFO NPs as stable and biocompatible candidates for future biomedical and theranostic imaging applications.</p>

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PEGylated samarium-doped bismuth ferrite nanoparticles: synthesis, colloidal stability, and in vitro cytotoxicity evaluation

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年7月9日

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  • Jennifer León,
  • Diego Venegas-Yazigi,
  • José Gallo,
  • Duxan Arancibia,
  • Sandra Fuentes

摘要

In this study, we examined the structure, physical and chemical properties, colloidal behavior, and biological properties of nanoparticles of bismuth ferrite (BFO) and samarium-doped bismuth ferrite (BFO:Sm). These nanoparticles were coated with polyethylene glycol (PEG 4000) and were synthesized using a hydrothermal method. X-ray diffraction and Raman vibrational spectroscopy showed that a rhombohedral perovskite (R3c) single-phase BFO structure formed and that Sm3⁺ ions entered the A-site of the crystal lattice. The functionalization of BFO NPs with PEG was confirmed by FT-IR and TGA. This material demonstrated enhanced colloidal stability physiological-like conditions in PBS (pH 7.3), as evidenced by dynamic light scattering and zeta potential measurements. In vitro cytocompatibility studies with HEK293 cells showed that PEGylation reduced nanoparticle toxicity. The results suggested that samarium substitution did not introduce additional toxicity within the analyzed concentration range. The results obtained under the studied conditions show the potential of PEGylated Sm-doped BFO NPs as stable and biocompatible candidates for future biomedical and theranostic imaging applications.