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<p>In this study, CuO–ZnO nanoparticles (NPs) were synthesized via coprecipitation method, using copper contents of 1, 3.25, and 6.5% w/w relative to the Zn precursor. X-ray diffraction and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy confirmed the coexistence of distinct CuO and ZnO crystalline phases. Transmission electron microscopy revealed predominantly spherical NPs, accompanied by the emergence of anisotropic structures at Cu concentrations above 3%. UV–visible analysis showed a progressive reduction in the ZnO optical bandgap from 3.15 down to 2.91&#xa0;eV as the Cu content increased. The results suggest that copper is simultaneously incorporated substitutionally into the host ZnO lattice and segregated as separate CuO phases, driving a structural transition from doped ZnO to discrete CuO–ZnO heterojunctions. Furthermore, the hybrid CuO–ZnO NPs exhibited enhanced antibacterial activity against <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> and <i>Escherichia coli</i>, without compromising the intrinsic biocompatibility of the ZnO NPs. These findings highlight the potential of CuO–ZnO NPs for advanced antimicrobial applications in biomaterials and medical devices.</p>

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Structural, optical, and biological properties of nanosized CuO-ZnO heterostructures formed through coprecipitation

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年6月30日

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  • Ena Bolaina-Lorenzo,
  • Juan Carlos Carrillo-Rodríguez,
  • Rebeca Betancourt-Galindo,
  • Eduardo Martínez-Guerra,
  • José de Jesús Kú-Herrera

摘要

In this study, CuO–ZnO nanoparticles (NPs) were synthesized via coprecipitation method, using copper contents of 1, 3.25, and 6.5% w/w relative to the Zn precursor. X-ray diffraction and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy confirmed the coexistence of distinct CuO and ZnO crystalline phases. Transmission electron microscopy revealed predominantly spherical NPs, accompanied by the emergence of anisotropic structures at Cu concentrations above 3%. UV–visible analysis showed a progressive reduction in the ZnO optical bandgap from 3.15 down to 2.91 eV as the Cu content increased. The results suggest that copper is simultaneously incorporated substitutionally into the host ZnO lattice and segregated as separate CuO phases, driving a structural transition from doped ZnO to discrete CuO–ZnO heterojunctions. Furthermore, the hybrid CuO–ZnO NPs exhibited enhanced antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli, without compromising the intrinsic biocompatibility of the ZnO NPs. These findings highlight the potential of CuO–ZnO NPs for advanced antimicrobial applications in biomaterials and medical devices.