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<p>The relaxation behavior of self-assembled polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) nanodots on a 220-nm-thick glass substrate after electrical poling was systematically investigated using piezo response force microscopy (PFM). Time-dependent evolution of − 10&#xa0;V (UP) and + 10&#xa0;V (DOWN) polarized domains in a PVDF film kept at room temperature revealed the destabilization of already established polarized ferroelectric domains. Following UP and DOWN poling of the PVDF films, the self-polarization effect first produces a uniform UP polarization. UP-polarized domains start to form during the next 2.40&#xa0;h of relaxation, reflecting a slow shift in the material’s vertical piezoelectric response. Electrical polling under ± 10&#xa0;V biases induced a clear 180° phase contrast, confirming reversible ferroelectric polarization switching, with coercive voltages of −&#xa0;0.5 to 2.3&#xa0;V and strong piezoelectric coupling with a maximum local d₃₃ value of ~ 6.65&#xa0;pm/V. Furthermore, hysteresis loops, butterfly curves, and surface potential measurements revealed significant time-dependent polarization changes associated with ferroelectric domain relaxation and dipole reorientation in the interconnected PVDF nanodots. The temporal evolution of polarization was successfully analyzed using a stretched exponential model, providing insight into relaxation kinetics and polarization stability. These findings highlight the potential of the 6000&#xa0;rpm PVDF nanodots films for advanced ferroelectric, shape memory, and flexible electronic applications.</p>

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Polarization stability and nanoscale ferroelectric switching in self-assembled PVDF nanodots on glass substrate after poling

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年6月25日

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  • Shalini Selvam,
  • Suganthi Muthusamy,
  • M. Perumal,
  • Suvitha A.,
  • M. S. Ravisankar,
  • V. Balasubramani,
  • J. Venkatamuthukumar

摘要

The relaxation behavior of self-assembled polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) nanodots on a 220-nm-thick glass substrate after electrical poling was systematically investigated using piezo response force microscopy (PFM). Time-dependent evolution of − 10 V (UP) and + 10 V (DOWN) polarized domains in a PVDF film kept at room temperature revealed the destabilization of already established polarized ferroelectric domains. Following UP and DOWN poling of the PVDF films, the self-polarization effect first produces a uniform UP polarization. UP-polarized domains start to form during the next 2.40 h of relaxation, reflecting a slow shift in the material’s vertical piezoelectric response. Electrical polling under ± 10 V biases induced a clear 180° phase contrast, confirming reversible ferroelectric polarization switching, with coercive voltages of − 0.5 to 2.3 V and strong piezoelectric coupling with a maximum local d₃₃ value of ~ 6.65 pm/V. Furthermore, hysteresis loops, butterfly curves, and surface potential measurements revealed significant time-dependent polarization changes associated with ferroelectric domain relaxation and dipole reorientation in the interconnected PVDF nanodots. The temporal evolution of polarization was successfully analyzed using a stretched exponential model, providing insight into relaxation kinetics and polarization stability. These findings highlight the potential of the 6000 rpm PVDF nanodots films for advanced ferroelectric, shape memory, and flexible electronic applications.