<p>The toxic and hazardous characteristics of nanomaterials have been reported for decades. In the early stages of research, most available technologies, often lacking portability and requiring time-intensive procedures, were primarily focused on identifying the chemical composition of nanomaterials. However, as practical detection methods became necessary for immediate interventions and preventive measures to minimize exposure, the concept of on-site detection applications gained critical importance. Subsequently, more portable and efficient techniques were developed. In this review, we examine previous studies on the detection and monitoring of nanomaterials using a variety of analytical approaches, evaluating both their performance and limitations. The discussion is organized according to nanomaterial types, including carbon nanotubes, metal oxides (e.g., ZnO, SiO₂, TiO₂, CuO), and metal nanoparticles (e.g., Ag). In addition to direct detection, we describe strategies involving nanoparticle capture on sensor surfaces using biomaterials, as well as the underlying detection mechanisms. Although highly sensitive (down to nanogram-per-liter levels) and selective detection technologies have been introduced, each technique presents distinct shortcomings and limitations. To address these challenges, we categorize the constraints associated with different instruments and methodologies. Finally, we propose potential solutions, emphasizing the integration of detection systems with artificial intelligence–based analysis and multimodal sensing approaches to overcome practical barriers and improve real-world applicability.</p>