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<p>This study presents the synthesis of nitrogen–phosphorus (N-P) co-doped zinc oxide (ZnO) nanorod anchored on graphitic carbon nitride (g-C<sub>3</sub>N<sub>4</sub>) nanosheets using the co-precipitation method. The objective was to improve the photocatalytic performance for environmental cleanup. The structural and optical characteristics of the composite were verified using X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Raman spectroscopy, Fourier-transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy, Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) surface area measurement, and photoluminescence (PL) analysis. Results confirmed the successful doping of ZnO nanorod and its uniform anchoring on g-C<sub>3</sub>N<sub>4</sub>, leading to increased surface area, bonding interactions, and charge carrier dynamics. The photocatalytic performance was assessed using methylene blue (MB) and methyl orange (MO) dyes under UV–visible light. The NP-ZnO nanorod/g-C<sub>3</sub>N<sub>4</sub> nanocomposite formed a Z-scheme heterojunction, which enhanced charge separation and reduced recombination. Consequently, the composite showed significantly higher degradation efficiency compared to pristine ZnO nanorod and g-C<sub>3</sub>N<sub>4</sub>, demonstrating its promise as an efficient photocatalyst for environmental remediation.</p>

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Charge-engineered nitrogen and phosphorus-doped ZnO/g-C3N4 nanorods for rapid photocatalytic purification of water from harmful effluents

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年5月26日

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  • U. J. Ramesh Babu,
  • K. Mahendra,
  • I. Yashodhara,
  • Jayadev Pattar,
  • G. Megha,
  • Sudeep Kumara K

摘要

This study presents the synthesis of nitrogen–phosphorus (N-P) co-doped zinc oxide (ZnO) nanorod anchored on graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3N4) nanosheets using the co-precipitation method. The objective was to improve the photocatalytic performance for environmental cleanup. The structural and optical characteristics of the composite were verified using X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Raman spectroscopy, Fourier-transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy, Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) surface area measurement, and photoluminescence (PL) analysis. Results confirmed the successful doping of ZnO nanorod and its uniform anchoring on g-C3N4, leading to increased surface area, bonding interactions, and charge carrier dynamics. The photocatalytic performance was assessed using methylene blue (MB) and methyl orange (MO) dyes under UV–visible light. The NP-ZnO nanorod/g-C3N4 nanocomposite formed a Z-scheme heterojunction, which enhanced charge separation and reduced recombination. Consequently, the composite showed significantly higher degradation efficiency compared to pristine ZnO nanorod and g-C3N4, demonstrating its promise as an efficient photocatalyst for environmental remediation.