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<p>The development of highly selective and ultrasensitive electrochemical sensors for trace-level heavy metal monitoring remains a critical challenge in environmental analysis. In this work, a novel dual ion-imprinted, chitosan-stabilized platinum nanoparticle (PtNP)–modified glassy carbon electrode (GCE) is reported for the simultaneous electrochemical detection of Cd<sup>2</sup>⁺ and Pb<sup>2</sup>⁺ in aqueous media. The synthesized PtNPs provide a large electroactive surface area and are uniformly stabilized within a chitosan matrix enriched with oxygen- and nitrogen-containing functional groups, which act as selective coordination sites for target metal ions. The incorporation of dual ion-imprinting generates specific recognition cavities that promote selective adsorption of Cd<sup>2</sup>⁺ and Pb<sup>2</sup>⁺ through electrostatic and coordination interactions, leading to significantly enhanced sensitivity and selectivity. Under optimized conditions, the sensor exhibits wide linear detection ranges of 44.04&#xa0;pM–0.18&#xa0;nM for Pb<sup>2</sup>⁺ and 79.4&#xa0;pM–0.18&#xa0;nM for Cd<sup>2</sup>⁺, with remarkably low detection limits of 13.2&#xa0;pM and 23.83&#xa0;pM, respectively. The proposed sensing platform demonstrates excellent anti-interference capability and reliable performance in real water samples, confirming its applicability for practical environmental monitoring. This study highlights the synergistic effect of dual ion-imprinting and chitosan-stabilized PtNPs, offering a robust and efficient strategy for multi-ion electrochemical sensing of toxic heavy metals.</p>

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Dual ion-imprinted chitosan-stabilized platinum nanoparticles for simultaneous electrochemical detection of Cd2⁺ and Pb2⁺ in water samples

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年5月23日

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  • Ann Maria C G,
  • Nidhin M

摘要

The development of highly selective and ultrasensitive electrochemical sensors for trace-level heavy metal monitoring remains a critical challenge in environmental analysis. In this work, a novel dual ion-imprinted, chitosan-stabilized platinum nanoparticle (PtNP)–modified glassy carbon electrode (GCE) is reported for the simultaneous electrochemical detection of Cd2⁺ and Pb2⁺ in aqueous media. The synthesized PtNPs provide a large electroactive surface area and are uniformly stabilized within a chitosan matrix enriched with oxygen- and nitrogen-containing functional groups, which act as selective coordination sites for target metal ions. The incorporation of dual ion-imprinting generates specific recognition cavities that promote selective adsorption of Cd2⁺ and Pb2⁺ through electrostatic and coordination interactions, leading to significantly enhanced sensitivity and selectivity. Under optimized conditions, the sensor exhibits wide linear detection ranges of 44.04 pM–0.18 nM for Pb2⁺ and 79.4 pM–0.18 nM for Cd2⁺, with remarkably low detection limits of 13.2 pM and 23.83 pM, respectively. The proposed sensing platform demonstrates excellent anti-interference capability and reliable performance in real water samples, confirming its applicability for practical environmental monitoring. This study highlights the synergistic effect of dual ion-imprinting and chitosan-stabilized PtNPs, offering a robust and efficient strategy for multi-ion electrochemical sensing of toxic heavy metals.