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<p>Integrating rationally designed magnetic nanostructures into dielectric matrices is a pivotal strategy for developing high-performance microwave absorption composites. Herein, we report a novel structural engineering approach to fabricate axially oriented peapod-like Fe<sub>3</sub>C/Fe nanotubes encapsulated in electrospun N-doped carbon nanofibers (Fe<sub>3</sub>C/Fe NT@NCFs) via a facile electrospinning-carbonization route. This bioinspired peapod architecture endows synergistic dielectric-magnetic loss and optimized impedance matching, critical for superior microwave absorption performance. The axially aligned hollow Fe<sub>3</sub>C/Fe nanotubes exhibit vortex-domain magnetism and shape anisotropy to enhane magnetic loss. Multiple heterointerfaces (Fe<sub>3</sub>C/Fe/NCFs) amplify defect-induced dipole polarization and interfacial polarization, while the one-dimensional electrospun NCFs form a robust three-dimensional conductive network to facilitate conductive loss and multiple microwave scattering. At a low 30 wt% filler loading, the Fe<sub>3</sub>C/Fe NT@NCFs achieve ultra-broad effective microwave absorption bandwidth (RL ≤ -10 dB) spanning 4–18 GHz with a tunable thickness of 1.5–4.0 mm. Notably, an ultrathin thickness of 2.0 mm delivers an effective absorption bandwidth (EAB) of 6.3 GHz (11.3–17.6 GHz) that nearly covering the entire Ku-band, along with a minimum reflection loss (<i>RL</i><sub>min</sub>) of -23.7&#xa0;dB at 1.60&#xa0;mm. This work provides a high-performance candidate for Ku-band stealth and a versatile structural design paradigm for magnetic carbon-based microwave absorption materials.</p>

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Axially oriented peapod-like Fe3C/Fe nanotubes encapsulated in electrospun N-doped carbon nanofibers for broadband microwave absorption covering the entire Ku-band

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年3月25日

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  • Yimeng Jing,
  • Tiantian Zhang,
  • Xiaojiao Yang,
  • Hongna Xing,
  • Juan Feng,
  • Xiuhong Zhu,
  • Yan Zong,
  • Xinghua Li,
  • Xinliang Zheng

摘要

Integrating rationally designed magnetic nanostructures into dielectric matrices is a pivotal strategy for developing high-performance microwave absorption composites. Herein, we report a novel structural engineering approach to fabricate axially oriented peapod-like Fe3C/Fe nanotubes encapsulated in electrospun N-doped carbon nanofibers (Fe3C/Fe NT@NCFs) via a facile electrospinning-carbonization route. This bioinspired peapod architecture endows synergistic dielectric-magnetic loss and optimized impedance matching, critical for superior microwave absorption performance. The axially aligned hollow Fe3C/Fe nanotubes exhibit vortex-domain magnetism and shape anisotropy to enhane magnetic loss. Multiple heterointerfaces (Fe3C/Fe/NCFs) amplify defect-induced dipole polarization and interfacial polarization, while the one-dimensional electrospun NCFs form a robust three-dimensional conductive network to facilitate conductive loss and multiple microwave scattering. At a low 30 wt% filler loading, the Fe3C/Fe NT@NCFs achieve ultra-broad effective microwave absorption bandwidth (RL ≤ -10 dB) spanning 4–18 GHz with a tunable thickness of 1.5–4.0 mm. Notably, an ultrathin thickness of 2.0 mm delivers an effective absorption bandwidth (EAB) of 6.3 GHz (11.3–17.6 GHz) that nearly covering the entire Ku-band, along with a minimum reflection loss (RLmin) of -23.7 dB at 1.60 mm. This work provides a high-performance candidate for Ku-band stealth and a versatile structural design paradigm for magnetic carbon-based microwave absorption materials.