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<p>Nitrogen-doped carbon dots (NCDs) with a mean size of 1.5&#xa0;nm and zeta potential of −32.8&#xa0;mV were synthesized using a hydrothermal method and then conjugated with glycyrrhizin (GA) through an amide bond to form the GA-NCD nanocomposite. Then, folic acid (FA) was attached to the GA-NCDs to create a tumor-targeting nanocomposite (FA-GA-NCDs) for specific delivery to gastric cancer cells (AGS cells). Nanocomposite had a size about 154.7&#xa0;nm and zeta potential of −44.6&#xa0;mV. The adsorption efficiency of GA and FA on NCDs was measured to be 53% and 60%, respectively. At pH 5.4, about 89.9% of the GA as an effective component was released after 8&#xa0;h. The results demonstrated that the nanocomposite is particularly potent against Gram-positive strains compared to Gram-negative ones. In vitro MTT assay of FA-GA-NCDs displayed an IC<sub>50</sub> of 40&#xa0;µg/mL in AGS cells compared to 100&#xa0;µg/mL for pure NCDs, indicating a 2.5-fold enhancement in potency. Furthermore, flow cytometry results confirmed these findings, demonstrating that the FA-GA-NCDs effectively induced apoptosis and destruction of AGS cells. This nanocomposite combines drug delivery efficiency and tumor-specific recognition, offering a promising multifunctional approach for gastric cancer therapy.</p>

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Folate-functionalized nitrogen-doped carbon dot for targeted glycyrrhizin delivery to gastric cancer cells

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年4月15日

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  • Milad Edraki,
  • Faten Divsar

摘要

Nitrogen-doped carbon dots (NCDs) with a mean size of 1.5 nm and zeta potential of −32.8 mV were synthesized using a hydrothermal method and then conjugated with glycyrrhizin (GA) through an amide bond to form the GA-NCD nanocomposite. Then, folic acid (FA) was attached to the GA-NCDs to create a tumor-targeting nanocomposite (FA-GA-NCDs) for specific delivery to gastric cancer cells (AGS cells). Nanocomposite had a size about 154.7 nm and zeta potential of −44.6 mV. The adsorption efficiency of GA and FA on NCDs was measured to be 53% and 60%, respectively. At pH 5.4, about 89.9% of the GA as an effective component was released after 8 h. The results demonstrated that the nanocomposite is particularly potent against Gram-positive strains compared to Gram-negative ones. In vitro MTT assay of FA-GA-NCDs displayed an IC50 of 40 µg/mL in AGS cells compared to 100 µg/mL for pure NCDs, indicating a 2.5-fold enhancement in potency. Furthermore, flow cytometry results confirmed these findings, demonstrating that the FA-GA-NCDs effectively induced apoptosis and destruction of AGS cells. This nanocomposite combines drug delivery efficiency and tumor-specific recognition, offering a promising multifunctional approach for gastric cancer therapy.