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<p>A graphene oxide (GO)-based electrochemical immunosensor was constructed for sensitive quantification of aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) in wheat flour. GO was employed for the first time on screen-printed paper electrodes (SPPEs), offering a low-cost, portable sensing platform. EDC–NHS cross-linking chemistry was optimized systematically for compatibility with paper substrates to guarantee strong antibody immobilization. GO synthesized was completely characterized through UV–vis spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), particle size analysis, and field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), while the modification of electrodes was traced through FT-IR, FESEM, and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). Employing potassium ferricyanide as a redox mediator, the performance of the sensor was examined by cyclic voltammetry (CV), differential pulse voltammetry (DPV), and EIS. The immunosensor showed good analytical sensitivity (10,186.51 µA/cm<sup>2</sup>/ng) with a detection limit of 1.26&#xa0;fg/µL, verified on different electrodes (<i>n</i> ≥ 5) for reproducibility confirmation. Notably, the device was tested in spiked as well as naturally contaminated wheat flour samples for its real-world potential. Integrating portability, low-cost fabrication, and robust sensitivity, this GO–SPPE immunosensor presents a promising tool for fast on-site detection of AFB1 in food safety applications.</p>

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Graphene oxide–decorated immunosensor for the detection of aflatoxin B1 in wheat flour

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年11月25日

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  • Dimple Chauhan,
  • Shagun Gupta,
  • Sangeet Rana,
  • Surbhi Sharma,
  • Deepali Chaudhary,
  • Usha Dahiya,
  • Sonali Khanal,
  • Ankur Kaushal,
  • Dinesh Kumar

摘要

A graphene oxide (GO)-based electrochemical immunosensor was constructed for sensitive quantification of aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) in wheat flour. GO was employed for the first time on screen-printed paper electrodes (SPPEs), offering a low-cost, portable sensing platform. EDC–NHS cross-linking chemistry was optimized systematically for compatibility with paper substrates to guarantee strong antibody immobilization. GO synthesized was completely characterized through UV–vis spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), particle size analysis, and field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), while the modification of electrodes was traced through FT-IR, FESEM, and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). Employing potassium ferricyanide as a redox mediator, the performance of the sensor was examined by cyclic voltammetry (CV), differential pulse voltammetry (DPV), and EIS. The immunosensor showed good analytical sensitivity (10,186.51 µA/cm2/ng) with a detection limit of 1.26 fg/µL, verified on different electrodes (n ≥ 5) for reproducibility confirmation. Notably, the device was tested in spiked as well as naturally contaminated wheat flour samples for its real-world potential. Integrating portability, low-cost fabrication, and robust sensitivity, this GO–SPPE immunosensor presents a promising tool for fast on-site detection of AFB1 in food safety applications.