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<p>Taking into account the practical significance of magnetite nanoparticles, several nanostructured magnetite samples with doping of 2.5% Sm, Dy, La, and Lu rare earth ions were synthesized using the co-precipitation method. The structural and magnetic properties of the obtained doped nanoparticles were investigated in detail using transmission electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, small-angle X-ray scattering, and magnetic measurements. All the doped nanostructured magnetite samples have a cubic phase with spinel crystal structure <i>Fd</i> <InlineEquation ID="IEq1"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="11051_2025_6379_Article_IEq1.gif" Format="GIF" Height="16" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="10" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\overline{3 }\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mover> <mn>3</mn> <mo>¯</mo> </mover> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> <i>m</i>; a nanoparticle size is ranging from 20 to 32&#xa0;nm. Changes in the characteristic Fe–O bond lengths indicated that the doping rare earth ions mainly occupy octahedral sites in the oxygen unit. The size of the nanoparticles depends on the type of doped rare earth due to difference in ionic radius. Neutron diffraction data indicated that the magnetic structure of doped magnetite nanoparticles is ferrimagnetic. The magnetic measurements showed a superparamagnetic state in all the doped magnetite nanoparticles. It is assumed that noticeable changes in the structural and magnetic properties of magnetite nanoparticles compared to bulk matter are primarily associated with a defect-rich structure on the surface of those nanoparticles and the effect of rare earth ions doping on it.</p>

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Magnetite nanoparticles doped with rare earth ions: synthesis, structural, and magnetic properties

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年7月4日

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  • A. V. Rutkauskas,
  • O. N. Lis,
  • S. E. Kichanov,
  • E. V. Lukin,
  • B. A. Abdurakhimov,
  • G. S. Rymski,
  • A. L. Zhaludkevich,
  • I. I. Makoed,
  • D. P. Kozlenko,
  • A. Mutali

摘要

Taking into account the practical significance of magnetite nanoparticles, several nanostructured magnetite samples with doping of 2.5% Sm, Dy, La, and Lu rare earth ions were synthesized using the co-precipitation method. The structural and magnetic properties of the obtained doped nanoparticles were investigated in detail using transmission electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, small-angle X-ray scattering, and magnetic measurements. All the doped nanostructured magnetite samples have a cubic phase with spinel crystal structure Fd \(\overline{3 }\) 3 ¯ m; a nanoparticle size is ranging from 20 to 32 nm. Changes in the characteristic Fe–O bond lengths indicated that the doping rare earth ions mainly occupy octahedral sites in the oxygen unit. The size of the nanoparticles depends on the type of doped rare earth due to difference in ionic radius. Neutron diffraction data indicated that the magnetic structure of doped magnetite nanoparticles is ferrimagnetic. The magnetic measurements showed a superparamagnetic state in all the doped magnetite nanoparticles. It is assumed that noticeable changes in the structural and magnetic properties of magnetite nanoparticles compared to bulk matter are primarily associated with a defect-rich structure on the surface of those nanoparticles and the effect of rare earth ions doping on it.