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<p>This study evaluates the toxicity of iron oxide nanoparticles (Fe<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> NPs) alone and in combination with silica nanoparticles (SiO<sub>2</sub> NPs) on <i>Helix aspersa</i>. Snails were exposed to escalating concentrations (0, 5000, 10,000, 15,000 μg/g of flour) of Fe<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> NPs and a mixture of Fe<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> and SiO<sub>2</sub> NPs for 28 days to assess impacts on metabolic parameters, oxidative stress, and neurotoxicity. Fe<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> NPs significantly increased protein levels; the mixture exhibited a more pronounced effect, with significantly increased protein levels, particularly in the hepatopancreas and kidneys. Lipid levels generally decreased across all treatments, suggesting significant metabolic disruption. Carbohydrate responses were tissue-specific and differed significantly between single and combined exposures, highlighting complex responses to nanoparticle treatments. Malondialdehyde (MDA), a marker of lipid peroxidation, demonstrated a significant increase in all treatments compared to the control group. The mixture treatment caused divergent MDA responses, with higher levels observed in the hepatopancreas and lower levels in the kidneys than in single NP treatments. Glutathione (GSH) levels showed complex tissue-specific changes with mixture exposure, with reductions in the hepatopancreas and increases in the kidney. Furthermore, glutathione S-transferase (GST), catalase (CAT), and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) were altered, reflecting cellular stress responses. Notably, acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity, a marker of neurotoxicity, was significantly reduced in all treated groups. These findings demonstrate that Fe<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> NPs, individually and combined with SiO<sub>2</sub> NPs, induce significant metabolic dysregulation, oxidative stress, and neurotoxicity in <i>H. aspersa</i>. This study underscores the potential ecological risks of NPs contamination and the importance of further research into long-term effects and combined exposures. Further understanding of the possible impact of NPs exposure on agricultural practices and human health is needed.</p>

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Metabolic and oxidative responses in Helix aspersa to iron oxide nanoparticle exposure: individual and combined (Fe₂O₃/SiO₂) effects

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年6月9日

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  • Amel Benamara,
  • Nedjoud Grara,
  • Samira Bensoltane,
  • Laid Bouchaala,
  • Amel Laouar,
  • Kamila Grara,
  • Hadia Hemmami,
  • Boudjahem Abdelghani,
  • Ali Abbas Aslam,
  • Mahmood Ahmed

摘要

This study evaluates the toxicity of iron oxide nanoparticles (Fe2O3 NPs) alone and in combination with silica nanoparticles (SiO2 NPs) on Helix aspersa. Snails were exposed to escalating concentrations (0, 5000, 10,000, 15,000 μg/g of flour) of Fe2O3 NPs and a mixture of Fe2O3 and SiO2 NPs for 28 days to assess impacts on metabolic parameters, oxidative stress, and neurotoxicity. Fe2O3 NPs significantly increased protein levels; the mixture exhibited a more pronounced effect, with significantly increased protein levels, particularly in the hepatopancreas and kidneys. Lipid levels generally decreased across all treatments, suggesting significant metabolic disruption. Carbohydrate responses were tissue-specific and differed significantly between single and combined exposures, highlighting complex responses to nanoparticle treatments. Malondialdehyde (MDA), a marker of lipid peroxidation, demonstrated a significant increase in all treatments compared to the control group. The mixture treatment caused divergent MDA responses, with higher levels observed in the hepatopancreas and lower levels in the kidneys than in single NP treatments. Glutathione (GSH) levels showed complex tissue-specific changes with mixture exposure, with reductions in the hepatopancreas and increases in the kidney. Furthermore, glutathione S-transferase (GST), catalase (CAT), and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) were altered, reflecting cellular stress responses. Notably, acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity, a marker of neurotoxicity, was significantly reduced in all treated groups. These findings demonstrate that Fe2O3 NPs, individually and combined with SiO2 NPs, induce significant metabolic dysregulation, oxidative stress, and neurotoxicity in H. aspersa. This study underscores the potential ecological risks of NPs contamination and the importance of further research into long-term effects and combined exposures. Further understanding of the possible impact of NPs exposure on agricultural practices and human health is needed.